Calvary - Calvary (English spelling)

The name of the hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified. Its original name was Golgotha ​​(from the Aramaic gulgōthā' meaning "skull"), which was translated into Latin as Calvaria. There are several speculations about the origin of the name, including (1) the shape of the hill, (2) the fact that it symbolizes the place of execution, (3) the bones of those executed were exposed to the public, and (4) that Adam's skull is buried here. According to the New Testament, after his trial, Christ was made to carry his cross and was dragged up to this hill to be executed along with two other criminals (Mark 15:22, etc.). However, the location of the site is unknown, except that it was probably outside Jerusalem at the time. The current Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City is said to be the site of Calvary, but Gordon's Calvary (named after its proponent) outside Damascus Gate is also considered a likely candidate.

[Kiyoshige Naohiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

エルサレム城外の、イエス・キリストが十字架にかけられた丘の名。本来の呼び名はゴルゴタ（アラム語のgulgōthā'「頭蓋骨(ずがいこつ)」の意）で、そのラテン語訳がカルバリアcalvaria。由来については、(1)丘の形状から、(2)処刑場を象徴する、(3)刑死者の骨が晒(さら)されていた、(4)ここにアダムの頭骨が埋まっているため、などの憶説がある。『新約聖書』によれば、キリストは裁判ののち、十字架を背負わされてこの丘まで引き立てられ、2人の犯罪者とともに処刑された（『マルコ伝福音書(ふくいんしょ)』15章22ほか）。しかしその位置は、当時のエルサレム城外であろうというほかは不詳。現在の旧市街の聖墳墓教会がカルバリの跡と伝えられるが、ダマスカス門外の「ゴルドンのカルバリ」（提唱者の名にちなむ）も有力な候補地とされている。

［清重尚弘］

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