Forceps delivery - forceps delivery

Japanese: 鉗子分娩 - かんしぶんべん
Forceps delivery - forceps delivery

This refers to the use of forceps consisting of two metal blades to hold and pull the fetal head, increasing the birth force and expelling the fetus. This is one method of expediting delivery when waiting for natural delivery is thought to increase the risk of injury to the mother or fetus. Forceps delivery is performed when the mother has heart or lung disease that would make pushing for a long time harmful, or when she is unable to push properly, and when factors related to the fetus include umbilical cord prolapse, in which the umbilical cord comes out first, placental abruption, in which part of the placenta detaches before delivery, or fetal distress, in which the fetus is in pain due to an abnormal fetal heart rate. Other reasons include weak labor pains that are not strong enough, rotation anomalies in which the fetal head does not rotate as it descends, or mild head-pelvic disproportion, in which the birth canal is not wide enough compared to the size of the fetal head, and is also used in difficult births where labor progresses slowly.

The conditions required for forceps delivery are as follows: the largest part of the fetal head must be lowered through the pelvic inlet, the pelvis must be wide enough, the cervix must be fully dilated (10 cm dilated), and the amniotic membranes must be ruptured. If these conditions are not met, a Caesarean section is performed.

In addition, in breech delivery, trailing fetal head forceps are used on the fetal head, which is delivered last.

[Masao Arai]

[Reference] | Difficult birth

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

2葉の金属製へらからなる鉗子によって児頭を挟んで牽引(けんいん)し、娩出力を増強させて胎児の娩出を図ることをいう。自然娩出を待っていると母体あるいは胎児に障害が増すと考えられる場合に、急いで娩出させる方法の一つである。鉗子分娩を行う母体側の因子としては、母体に心疾患や肺疾患などがあって長時間いきむことが害になるときや、うまくいきめないときなどがあり、胎児側の因子としては、臍帯(さいたい)が先に出てくる臍帯脱出、娩出前に胎盤の一部が剥離(はくり)する常位胎盤早期剥離、あるいは胎児心拍数に異常をきたして胎児が苦しがっている胎児仮死のときなどがある。このほか、陣痛が十分強くない陣痛微弱、児頭が下降しながら行われるべき回旋がうまくいかない回旋異常、あるいは産道の広さが児頭の大きさに比べて十分広くない児頭骨盤不均衡が軽度にある場合などがあげられ、分娩の進行が遅い難産のときにも用いられる。

 鉗子分娩を行うためには条件がそろっている必要があり、児頭の最大部分が骨盤入口部より下降していて、骨盤の広さが十分であり、子宮頸管(けいかん)が全開大(10センチメートル開大)していて、卵膜が破れて破水していなければならない。この条件が整っていない場合は、帝王切開が行われる。

 なお、骨盤位(さかご)分娩には、最後に娩出される児頭に後続児頭鉗子が用いられる。

[新井正夫]

[参照項目] | 難産

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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