Suffets

…Carthage did not take measures to expand the ruling class, such as the Roman policy of granting citizenship to other Phoenician and Punic cities, and maintained a strict oligarchy within the country, preventing the advancement of the middle and lower classes of citizens. The highest magistrates were two suffetes, elected annually from the various clans, and the military commander was a general elected separately, but the real power was held by a senate made up of several hundred clans and a 104-member judicial committee, and the buds of the emergence of a dictator were strictly nipped in the bud. The popular assembly (citizens' general assembly) was a mere name, and citizens rarely joined the military. The core of the army was made up of mercenaries from the inhabitants of the Western Mediterranean, such as Iberians and Balearics, conscripts from subordinate Libyans, and reinforcements from Berber chiefs in Numidia and Mauretania. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "suffetes" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…カルタゴは他のフェニキア･ポエニ系都市に対してローマの市民権付与政策のような支配層の外延的拡充策をとらなかったし，国内では厳格な寡頭政を墨守して中･下層市民の進出を阻んだ。最高政務官は毎年門閥から選出される2人のスフェテスsuffetes，軍事指揮官は別途選ばれる将軍であったが，実権を握るのは数百名の門閥から成る元老組織，104人から成る裁判委員会であり，独裁者出現の芽は厳しく摘みとられた。民会(市民総会)は有名無実であり，市民の従軍はまれで，イベリア人，バレアレス人等，西地中海諸住民からの傭兵，従属リビア人からの徴兵，ヌミディア，マウレタニアのベルベル人首長からの援軍が軍隊の中核をなした。…

※「suffetes」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報