Chinese poetry and prose

Japanese: 漢詩文 - かんしぶん

Ancient Chinese poetry and prose, as well as poetry and prose created by Japanese people using only Chinese characters in imitation of ancient Chinese poetry. It is believed that it was first written by immigrants from the continent, and then native Japanese people also followed suit. The earliest examples of Chinese texts were the Iyo Dogo Onyu Monument from 596 (Suiko 4) and the Seventeen-Article Constitution from 604 (Suiko 12), and the Chinese poetry collection Kaifuso was compiled in the Nara period. Three imperially commissioned Chinese poetry collections were also created in the early Heian period, and their authors included Kukai, Miyako Ryoko, and Sugawara no Michizane. In the middle period, Honcho Monsui and other works were compiled, and the Chinese Bai Juyi Wenji and Wen Xuan had a major influence. It declined somewhat during the Kamakura period, but Gozan literature was created by the Gozan Zen monks from the end of the Heian period and into the Muromachi period. The Edo period was the heyday of Confucianism, with the Kogaku school of Ito Jinsai, the Kobunji school of Ogyu Sorai, the Kimon school of Yamazaki Ansai, the Yomei school of Nakae Toju and Kumazawa Banzan, and other outstanding writers such as Hattori Nankaku and Suga Chazan in the middle period, and Rai Sanyo and Saito Setsudo in the later period. In the Meiji period, Confucianism was overwhelmed by Western literature and fell into decline.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国古来の詩文，また日本人がそれにならって漢字のみを用いてつくった詩文。初め大陸からの渡来人が書き，やがて在来の日本人もそれを範としたとみられる。推古4（596）年の伊予道後温湯碑文，推古12（604）年の十七条憲法が最初期の漢文で，奈良時代には漢詩集『懐風藻』が編纂された。平安時代前期にも勅撰漢詩集が 3集つくられ，作者には空海，都良香，菅原道真らがいた。中期には『本朝文粋』などが編まれ，中国の『白氏文集』『文選』が大きな影響を与えた。鎌倉時代はやや衰えたが，末期から室町時代にかけて五山禅僧によって五山文学がつくられた。江戸時代は儒学（→儒教）の全盛期で，前期には伊藤仁斎の古学派，荻生徂徠の古文辞学派，山崎闇斎の崎門学派（きもんがくは），中江藤樹，熊沢蕃山らの陽明学派などがあり，中期には服部南郭，菅茶山，後期には頼山陽，斎藤拙堂らの優れた作家が出た。明治になると西洋の文学に圧倒され，衰退した。

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