Calligraphy - Calligraphy

It refers to calligraphy or calligraphy style. It usually refers to calligraphy style with some aesthetic style. In Europe, it was gradually systematized in Irish manuscripts from around the 7th and 8th centuries, then in Carolingian manuscripts, and then in medieval manuscripts, and continued to develop until it was replaced by printing in the 16th and 17th centuries. There are also excellent Islamic manuscripts. In China, calligraphy itself has been considered an art equal to painting since the 9th century, and it was introduced to Japan and developed in its own way. In addition to referring to calligraphy itself, in modern art, the painters of Abstract Expressionism after World War II were interested in and influenced by Japanese and Chinese calligraphy (including avant-garde calligraphy), so the term is often used to refer to the style of painting in Abstract Expressionist paintings.

[Shigeo Chiba]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

書、書法のこと。通常は、なんらかの美的様式をもった書法をさす。ヨーロッパでは、7、8世紀ころのアイルランドの写本、さらにカロリング朝写本、その後中世の写本において徐々に体系化され、16、17世紀に印刷術にとってかわられるまで展開をみせた。また、イスラムの写本にも優れたものがある。中国では、書そのものがすでに9世紀以来絵画と同等の美術品とされ、日本にも伝えられ独自の発展を遂げた。こうした書そのものをさす以外に、現代美術においては、第二次世界大戦後の抽象表現主義の画家たちが日本および中国の書（前衛書道まで含めて）に関心を抱いて影響を受けたことがあるため、抽象表現主義の絵画の描法についてこの語が用いられることが多い。

［千葉成夫］

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