...These spectacles include Pepper's Ghost (first performed in 1863), in which a skeletal ghost appears on stage, and The Sphinx (first performed in 1865), in which a severed head in a box speaks. Some of the magicians and famous tricks that were active from the late 19th century to the early 20th century include the French Buatier de Kolta (1847-1903, who made a woman disappear from a chair), the British John Nevil Maskelyne (1839-1917, the first person to levitate a woman unsupported), the American Harry Keller (1849-1922, who performed a fantasy play called The Blue Room), H. Houdini (escapes from handcuffs and a trunk), and Howard Thurston (1869-1936, known for his flashy troupe acts, such as making an automobile disappear on stage). In the 20th century, vaudeville and nightclub acts replaced large-scale stage magic, and such performers as Cardini, who pulled out cigarettes and balls, and Ishida Tenkai, and much later Channing Pollock, who made a name for himself by producing pigeons from a handkerchief. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Maskelyne, JN" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…舞台に骸骨の亡霊を現してみせる〈ペッパーの幽霊〉(1863初演),箱の中の生首がものをいう〈スフィンクス〉(1865初演)などの見世物がそれである。19世紀後半から20世紀初頭に活躍した奇術師と有名な奇術をあげてみると,フランスのコルタBuatier de Kolta(1847‐1903,いすにかけた女性を消失させた),イギリスのマスクリンJohn Nevil Maskelyne(1839‐1917,初めて女性を何の支えもなしに空中に浮揚させた),アメリカのケラーHarry Keller(1849‐1922,《青い部屋》という幻想劇を上演),H.フーディニ(手錠やトランクからの脱出),サーストンHoward Thurston(1869‐1936,舞台で自動車を消失させるなど華やかな一座の芸が売物)らがいる。20世紀になると,大がかりな舞台奇術にかわってボードビル(寄席芸)やナイトクラブの芸が主流となり,シガレットやボールを取りだすカーディニCardini,石田天海,ずっと後になるがハンカチからハトを出す芸で一世をふうびしたポロックChanning Pollockらがいる。… ※「Maskelyne,J.N.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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