Kalamazoo ruling - Kalamazoo ruling

Japanese: カラマズー判決 - からまずーはんけつ
Kalamazoo ruling - Kalamazoo ruling

...The spirit of this law was later embodied by Horace Mann as the basic principle supporting the public school system, and the compulsory education system as a way to spread and thoroughly provide education for all spread to other states, starting with Massachusetts in 1852, and then to Mississippi in 1918, and spread to the whole country. The Kalamazoo decision of 1874, which supported public funding of secondary education, marked the beginning of the institutionalization of the idea of ​​"secondary education for all," and brought about the popularization of secondary education from the end of the 19th century to the 20th century. Since the founding of Harvard College in 1636, higher education had been centered on British-style elite liberal arts education, but with the enactment of the Morrill Act (1862) and the national land grant movement after the Civil War, it began to walk the path to establishing mass higher education that would be directly useful for business. ...

From [High School]

...American secondary education was initially modeled on the classical humanistic education given to a small elite at European grammar schools, but the Academy (1751), which taught practical studies, founded by B. Franklin, and the Boston Public School (1821), the origin of the high school, sought to provide education that would be relevant to the lives of the emerging citizenry. The development of high schools was supported by the economic growth after the Civil War, and especially after the Kalamazoo decision (1874) that ruled it constitutional to use public funds to maintain high schools, it progressed rapidly, and by the 1930s more than 50% of the same age group were attending high schools. This corresponds to the process in which adolescent issues were becoming social problems. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Kalamazoo Decision" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この法律の精神はのちにホレース・マンによって公立学校制度を支える基本原理として具体化され,万人教育を普及徹底する方途としての義務教育制度が,1852年のマサチューセッツ州をはじめとして各州に広まり,1918年のミシシッピ州を最後として全国に及んでいった。中等教育を公費でまかなうことを支持した1874年のカラマズー判決は,〈万人のための中等教育〉の理念を制度化する端緒となり,19世紀末から20世紀にかけての中等教育の大衆化をもたらした。 1636年のハーバード・カレッジの創設以来,イギリス型のエリート教養教育を中心としてきた高等教育は,モリル法(1862)の制定に始まる南北戦争後の国有地交付運動を契機として,実業に直接役立つ大衆高等教育の確立への道を歩み始めた。…

【ハイ・スクール】より

…アメリカの中等教育も,最初はヨーロッパ的グラマー・スクールの少数エリートに対する古典人文主義教育をモデルにしていたが,B.フランクリンが創設した実学を教えるアカデミー(1751)や,ハイ・スクールの起源をなすボストンの公立学校(1821)などは,新興の市民層の生活に結びつく教育を提供しようとした。ハイ・スクールの発展は南北戦争後の経済成長に支えられ,またとくにハイ・スクール維持に公費を充てることが合憲であるというカラマズー判決(1874)が出て以降,急速に進み,1930年代には同年齢層の50%以上が通学するようになった。 これは青年期問題が社会問題化する過程に照応している。…

※「カラマズー判決」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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