…Finally, the fourth approach is to classify divine beings into two types, higher gods and lower spirits, and to typify the mechanism of belief in God by focusing on the dynamic relationship between humans and these two types (M. Weber). In other words, the former is a type of God service (Gottes-dienst) in which humans kneel before God and worship him, while the latter is a type of Spirit coercion (Geistes-zwang) in which humans call upon the spirits and request their protection. This is a dichotomy between gods served by humans and spirits manipulated by humans. … From [Liturgy]…The action of the Holy Spirit in the liturgy is called epiklēsis (the power to call forth), and the effects of the sacraments are nothing but the results of the action of the Holy Spirit under certain words and signs. As the Eastern Orthodox Church calls it a divine liturgy, it is also called divine service because it is a worship offered to God, but at the same time, this also means that God acts on and serves humans. In short, the liturgy is a worship gathering in which humans gather, but since it is God's power that makes it happen, it is understood as God's work, opus Dei. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "divine service" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…最後に第4として,神的存在を高次の神と低次の精霊の2種に分類し,その両者と人間とのダイナミックな関係に照準をあてて神信仰のメカニズムを類型化する試みが挙げられる(M.ウェーバー)。すなわち前者は,神の前に人間が拝跪して礼拝する〈神奉仕Gottes‐dienst〉の型であり,後者は人間が精霊に呼びかけてその加護を要求する〈精霊強制Geistes‐zwang〉の型である。人間によって奉仕される神と人間によって操作される精霊という二分法である。… 【典礼】より…典礼におけるこの聖霊の働きは,エピクレシスepiklēsis(呼び求める力(こと))と呼ばれ,秘跡(サクラメント)の効果は,一定のことばとしるしのもとにおけるこの聖霊の働きの成果にほかならない。典礼は,東方正教会で〈奉神礼〉と呼ぶように,神にささげる礼拝であるから〈神奉仕〉ともいわれるが,同時にこれは,神が人間に働きかけ,奉仕することも意味している。要するに,典礼は,人間が集まって行う礼拝集会であるが,これを行わせるのは神の力であるから神の業opus Deiと解される。… ※「神奉仕」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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