...Later, in the process of establishing modern constitutions, as parliamentary dominance became more or less prevalent, the term separation of powers was used less and less to describe such systems. For example, in The Structure of the English State (1867), W. Bagehot discussed the "fusion" of legislative and executive powers in the parliamentary cabinet system established in 19th century Britain, describing it as "the cabinet is a committee of the House of Commons, but a committee that can dissolve the parliament that appointed it." On the other hand, in Germany from the late 19th century to the 20th century, when demands arose for the introduction of a parliamentary cabinet system, that is, a system of cabinet responsibility to parliament, the side that wanted to stop such progress used the symbol of Gewaltenteilung (separation of powers). ... *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "the British national structure" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その後,近代憲法が確立していく過程では,多かれ少なかれ議会の優位が貫かれるようになると,そのような制度を説明する用語として権力分立という言葉が積極的に使われることはむしろ少なくなる。たとえば,19世紀イギリスで確立した,議会優位型の議院内閣制についてW.バジョットは,《イギリスの国家構造》(1867)のなかで,立法権と行政権の〈融合〉を論じ,〈内閣は下院の一委員会,ただしみずからを任命した議会を解散できる委員会〉と表現した。他方,19世紀後半から20世紀にかけてのドイツで,内閣の対議会責任制度すなわち議院内閣制の導入を唱えるParlamentarisierung(議会制度化)の要求が出されるようになったとき,そのような進展をおしとどめようとする側がGewaltenteilung(三権分立)のシンボルを援用したのであった。… ※「《イギリスの国家構造》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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