…There were also those who rose to the rank of troubadour from the jongleurs of certain troubadours (such as Pistoleta, who served Arnaud de Mareuil), and those who fell from the latter to the former (such as Perol, a knight of Auvergne), and so the two groups were always mixed together. In northern France, the jongleurs who served the royal court or castles and had a stable status were called ménestrels. [Shunichi Niikura] … From [Minstrel]…The term comes from the French ménestrel, which is derived from the Latin ministerium (work) or ministerialis (one who works), and in the Middle Ages generally meant a professional entertainer, especially a musician. From the end of the 11th century in southern France, they were called troubadours, and from the end of the 12th century in northern France, they were called troubadours. The artistic flowering of monophonic secular songs in secular languages was achieved by poets and composers who belonged to the privileged classes, such as feudal lords, nobles, and knights. However, the menestrels, unlike the traveling entertainers called jongleurs, were people who were employed by certain patrons, such as feudal lords and nobles, to play their favorite instruments and sing and accompany the works of troubadours and troubadours at their castles. *Some of the terminology that mentions "ménestrel" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また特定のトルバドゥールのお抱えジョングルールから,トルバドゥール身分に出世した者(例えばアルノー・ド・マルイユに仕えたピストレータ),逆に後者から前者の身分に没落した者(オーベルニュの騎士ペロール)がいて,両者の混交は常に存在した。なお北フランスでは,宮廷や城館に仕え,安定した身分を得たジョングルールをメネストレルménestrelの名で呼んだ。【新倉 俊一】。… 【ミンストレル】より…ラテン語のministerium(勤務)あるいはministerialis(勤務する者)から派生したフランス語メネストレルménestrelに由来する語で,中世においては,一般に職業芸人,とくに音楽家を意味した。 11世紀末から南フランスでトルバドゥール,12世紀末からは北フランスでもトルベールと呼ばれ,おもに領主,貴族,騎士などの特権階級に属する詩人兼作曲家たちによって,世俗語による単旋律世俗歌曲がその芸術的開花をみたが,メネストレルは,放浪芸人ジョングルールとは異なり,封建領主,貴族などの一定のパトロンに雇われ,彼らの城館でおのおの得意な楽器を演奏したり,トルバドゥールやトルベールの作品を歌ったり,伴奏したりする人々を指した。… ※「ménestrel」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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