...For this reason, the mir was strengthened after the emancipation of the serfs. The mir generally consisted of a village council (skhod) consisting of the village head (starosta) and the head of the household, an elders' council, and customary law. The mir had a so-called inherent duality in that the land was owned jointly but managed individually. It was also a spontaneously self-governing organization of peasants, and had primitive administrative and judicial powers, but because the regime used it as a tool of control, especially to impose taxes and corvée, the mir came to have a dual character as both a peasant self-governing organization and a tool of control by the regime. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "skhod" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そのためにミールは農奴解放以後に強化されることになった。 ミールは一般に村長(スターロスタstarosta)と家長からなる村会(スホードskhod),長老会と慣習法からなり,土地を共同で所有するが,経営は個別的に行うという,いわゆる固有の二元性をもっていた。また農民の自然発生的自治組織であり,原始的な行政権と司法権をもっていたが,体制側が支配の道具,とりわけ税金と賦役を課すために利用したために,ミールは農民の自治組織であると同時に,体制側の支配の道具という二重の性格をもつに至る。… ※「skhod」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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