A five-membered heterocyclic compound with sulfur in the ring. The name thiophene is a combination of the prefix thio, which means sulfur, and phene, which means benzene. It is found in coal tar. Its boiling point is close to that of benzene, making it difficult to separate by distillation, so it was found in crude benzene made from coal tar before the development of petrochemistry. It is industrially synthesized by dehydrogenation ring-closing reaction of butane and sulfur at high temperatures. It is a colorless liquid with a smell similar to benzene, and although it does not dissolve in water, it mixes with solvents such as benzene, ether, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) in any ratio. In addition to being used as a solvent, it is also used as a raw material for dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Polythiophene, which has a structure in which many thiophenes are linked together, is known as a conductive polymer. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
硫黄(いおう)を環内にもつ5員環複素環式化合物の一つ。チオフェンの名は、硫黄を表す接頭語のチオthioとベンゼンを表すフェンpheneをあわせて命名された。コールタール中に含まれている。ベンゼンと沸点が近く、蒸留による分離が困難であったので、石油化学の発展以前にコールタールを原料としてつくった粗ベンゼンに含まれていた。工業的には高温でのブタンと硫黄との脱水素閉環反応により合成する。無色のベンゼンに似たにおいをもつ液体で、水には溶けないが、ベンゼン、エーテル、エタノール(エチルアルコール)などの溶媒と任意の割合で混じり合う。溶媒として用いられるほか、染料、プラスチック、医農薬の原料になる。チオフェンが多数連なった構造のポリチオフェンは導電性高分子として知られている。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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