The Arabic meaning of the word is "one who is rightly guided by God," but in Islam it refers to a "savior" or hidden messiah. It particularly refers to the unique Imam of the Shiite sect as opposed to the orthodox Sunni sect. Its origins lie in the words and actions of Mukhtar, who led the Shiites of Iraq in a rebellion in 685, calling Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, the son of the fourth caliph Ali, the Mahdi (→Mukhtar's Rebellion). When Muhammad died, some of them claimed that he had not died, but had merely disappeared for a time, and would eventually reappear on the Day of Judgment and bring justice and righteousness to the earth. This idea of the Imam's hiding (ghaiba) and second coming (raju'a) became characteristic of Islamic messianic thought thereafter. However, in later times, people who wanted to carry out political and social revolutions in Islamic society began to call themselves Mahdi. Representative examples include Ubaydullah al-Mahdi, the founder of the Fatimid dynasty, and the Mahdi (→Muhammad Ahmad), who established a religious state in Sudan in the 19th century.MahdiPlease see the "Muhammad Ahmad" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アラビア語の語義は,「神によって正しく導かれた者」であるが,イスラムにおける「救世主」,あるいは隠れメシアをさす。特に正統派のスンニー派に対するシーア派独自のイマームをいう。その起源は 685年,第4代カリフ,アリーの子,ムハンマド・イブヌル・ハナフィーヤをマフディーと称して,イラクのシーア派を率いて反乱したムフタールの言動にある (→ムフタールの乱 ) 。ムハンマドが死んだとき,彼らの一部は,彼は死んだのではなく,一時姿を隠したにすぎず,やがて最後の審判の日に再び姿を現し,地上に正義と公正をもたらすであろうと主張した。このイマームの隠れ (ガイバ) と再臨 (ラジュア) が,以後イスラムのメシア思想の特徴となった。しかし,後世になると,イスラム社会における政治・社会革命を遂行しようとする人物がマフディーを自称するようになった。ファーティマ朝の開祖ウバイドゥッラー・アルマフディー,19世紀スーダンに教団国家を建設したマフディー (→ムハンマド・アフマド ) らがその代表的な例である。
マフディー「ムハンマド・アフマド」のページをご覧ください。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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