Union of the Republic (English: Rassemblement for the Republic)

Japanese: 共和国連合 - きょうわこくれんごう（英語表記）Rassemblement pour la République

Abbreviation: RPR. A French political party. The so-called de Gaulle faction (→ de Gaulle). It is the successor to the French National Rally, which was formed in April 1947 at the urging of General C. de Gaulle after the collapse of the national unity government after World War II. After de Gaulle returned to politics, it was relaunched in October 1958 as the New Union for a Republic (UNR), later renamed the Democratic Union for a Republic (UDR), and boasted overwhelming influence under de Gaulle's regime. Even after de Gaulle's fall from power in 1969, the party maintained unity under President G. Pompidou, but after the death of President Pompidou, the party's official candidate JMP Chaban-Delmas lost in the presidential election in May 1974, and V. Giscard d'Estaing, an independent republican faction supported by the Chirac faction within the party, won, bringing to light a rift within the party. Later, under the leadership of Prime Minister J. Chirac, the party was reorganized and became a major force in the ruling coalition, but the conflict between Chirac and President Giscard d'Estaing intensified, and after Prime Minister Chirac resigned in August 1976, the party adopted a fair-minded approach and changed its name to the Union for the Republic at the party convention in December 1976. The party's policy was to continue and develop Gaullistism, such as maintaining French independence in foreign policy and defense, protecting the Fifth Republic and stabilizing administrative power, and promoting social policies through economic growth and "participation." However, after Chirac came to power, the party became more conservative. In both the presidential and general elections of 1981, the party suffered crushing defeats at the hands of the Socialist Party, but in the general election of March 1986, it regained its strength, and President Chirac became Prime Minister, forming a government of coexistence between conservatives and progressives. In the election of 1993, the party teamed up with the French Democratic Union (UDF) and won a landslide victory. E. Balladur became Prime Minister. In the May 1995 presidential election, Chirac was elected, defeating the Socialist candidate, and A. Juppe became Prime Minister. However, the Juppe cabinet came under criticism for its unemployment policy, and in the general election of June 1997, the Socialist Party took power, and a third conservative-progressive government was formed under President Chirac, with Socialist Prime Minister L. Jospin in power.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

略称 RPR。フランスの政党。いわゆるドゴール派 (→ドゴール ) 。第2次世界大戦後の挙国一致政府が崩壊したあとの 1947年4月，C.ドゴール将軍の呼びかけによって結成されたフランス国民連合の後身。ドゴールが政界復帰したあと，58年 10月に新共和国連合 UNRとして再発足し，のち共和国民主連合 UDRと改称，ドゴール体制下で圧倒的な勢力を誇った。 69年のドゴール下野後も G.ポンピドー大統領のもとで団結を維持したが，同大統領死去後の 74年5月の大統領選挙で同党公認候補の J.M.P.シャバン＝デルマスが敗れ，党内シラク派の推した独立共和派の V.ジスカールデスタンが当選したことから党内の亀裂が表面化。その後 J.シラク首相の主導権のもとで党内を再編し，与党連合の大勢力となったが，シラクとジスカールデスタン大統領の対立が激化して，76年8月シラク首相が辞任してから是々非々主義をとり，76年 12月の党大会で共和国連合と改称。対外政策，国防面でのフランスの独立維持，第五共和政の擁護と行政権の安定，経済成長と「参加」による社会政策推進など，いわゆるドゴール主義の継承発展を党是としていたが，シラクの実権掌握以後保守化傾向を強めていった。 81年の大統領選挙と総選挙ではともに社会党に惨敗したが，86年3月の総選挙では勢力を盛返し，シラク総裁が首相に就任し保革共存政権が誕生した。 93年の選挙ではフランス民主連合 UDFと組んで圧勝。 E.バラデュール首相が誕生した。 95年5月の大統領選挙で社会党候補を破りシラクが当選，A.ジュペが首相となった。だがジュぺ内閣は失業対策で批判を浴び，97年6月の総選挙では社会党に政権を奪われ，シラク大統領のもとで社会党の L.ジョスパン首相による3度目の保革共存政権が成立した。

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