…The cosmic order thus formed by Zeus, the “father of gods and men,” was the framework within which Greek life took place. He then married Themis (law) and gave birth to the Horae (goddesses of the seasons), Eunomiē (order), Dikē (justice), and others. He then had Persephone by Demeter, Apollo and Artemis by Leto, and finally married Hera, who became his legal wife. From [Horai]…In the singular, it is called Hōra, and is the origin of the English word hour. According to Hesiod's Theogony, they are the three goddesses Eunomia (order), Dikē (justice), and Eirēnē (peace), whose parents were Zeus and Themis (law). In general, they are considered to be goddesses who come with the change of seasons and make plants grow and bloom. In the Attic region, they were called Auxō (growth), Thallō (flowering), and Karpō (fruit). Later, in the Hellenistic period, the four seasons (originally the year was divided into three seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter, but the word autumn began to be used from the middle of the 5th century BC) themselves came to be called Hōrai, and in artworks they were depicted with items symbolizing each season. From the trial:…This suggests that there was a judicial system to settle disputes of this kind, but its contents are entirely unknown. In Greek, the judicial system was called dikē (meaning "judgment" or "justice"), and in Homer the king (basileus), who was both military commander and priest, also functioned as a judge. It must have been such a king who acted as an "istōr" (meaning "one who knows") in the assembly to decide disputes over the payment of compensation for murder. … From [Justice] The concept of justice has been considered to be inseparably linked to law since ancient times. In Greek, dikē (law) and dikaiosynē (justice) were closely linked, and even today justice has the meaning of not only justice but also the judiciary or court. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Dikē" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このように形成された〈神々と人間どもの父〉ゼウスの宇宙的秩序こそギリシア的生がそこで営まれる枠組みにほかならない。ついで彼はテミスThemis(掟)をめとり,ホーライ(季節の女神たち),エウノミエEunomiē(秩序),ディケDikē(正義)などを生む。さらにデメテルによりペルセフォネを,レトによりアポロンとアルテミスとを得,最後にヘラと結婚し,彼女が正妻となる。… 【ホーライ】より…単数ではホーラHōraといい,英語hour(〈時間〉)の語源。ヘシオドスの《神統記》によれば,ゼウスとテミス(〈掟〉)を両親とするエウノミアEunomia(〈秩序〉),ディケDikē(〈正義〉),エイレネEirēnē(〈平和〉)の3女神とされるが,一般には季節の移り変りとともに訪れて,植物を生長させ,花を咲かせる女神たちと考えられ,アッティカ地方ではアウクソAuxō(〈成長〉),タロThallō(〈花盛り〉),カルポKarpō(〈実り〉)と呼ばれた。その後ヘレニズム時代になると,春夏秋冬の四季(もともと一年は春夏冬の三季に分けられたが,前5世紀中ごろより〈秋〉の語が使われ出す)そのものもホーライと呼ばれるようになり,美術作品ではそれぞれの季節を象徴する持物とともに表現された。… 【裁判】より…これはこの種の争いに決着をつける裁判制度のあったことを推測させるものであるが,その内容はまったく不明である。ギリシア語で裁判はディケdikē(〈裁決〉〈正義〉の意)と呼ばれ,ホメロスでは軍事指揮者と祭祀主宰者を兼ねる王(バシレウスbasileus)が,裁判者の機能をも兼ねていた。殺人の賠償金の支払をめぐる争いを裁くため,民会agorēにおいて〈審き人istōr〉(〈知っている者〉の意)の職務を行っているのはこのような王であったにちがいない。… 【正義】より… 正義の概念は古来から法と不可分の関係にあるとされてきた。ギリシアにおいて法を意味するディケdikēと正義を意味するディカイオシュネdikaiosynēは密接に結びついていたし,今日でもjusticeは正義という意味のみでなく司法,裁判所の意味を有している。 ※「Dikē」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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