This equation shows the relationship between the NMR coupling constant 3 J between protons at the vicinal position (HCCH) and the torsion angle ω. It was proposed by M. Karplus in 1959. The most basic equation is as follows. 3 J = 8.5 cos 2 ω - 0.28 Hz (0° ≦ ω ≦ 90°) 3 J = 9.5 cos 2 ω - 0.28 Hz (90° ≦ ω ≦ 180°) The coupling constant is about 8-9 Hz when the torsion angle is 0° or 180° (anti), about 2 Hz when the torsion angle is 60° (gauche), and almost 0 when the torsion angle is 90°. When the rotation of the CC single bond is fast, a weighted average value depending on the abundance ratio of the conformers is observed, and it is often about 7-8 Hz. This relationship is important as a method for studying the stereochemistry of organic compounds using NMR, and is applied to the analysis of conformations and the determination of configuration. For example, in chair-type cyclohexane derivatives, the coupling constant between vicinal protons is large when both are axial (ω ≈ 180°) and small when both are equatorial (ω ≈ 60°), which can be explained by this relationship. The coupling constant is affected by the hybridization of the carbon atom and the electronegativity of the substituents attached to it, and parameters and formulas to correct for these are also known. Similar relationships may hold for the NMR of other nuclei. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
ビシナルの位置(H-C-C-H)にあるプロトン間のNMRの結合定数 3J とねじれ角ωの関係を示す式.M. Karplusにより1959年に提案された.もっとも基本的な式は以下のとおりである. 3J = 8.5 cos2ω - 0.28 Hz (0° ≦ ω ≦ 90°) 3J = 9.5 cos2ω - 0.28 Hz (90° ≦ ω ≦ 180°) 結合定数は,ねじれ角が0°または180°(アンチ)のとき約8~9 Hz,60°(ゴーシュ)のとき約2 Hz,90°のときほぼ0になる.C-C単結合の回転が速い場合は,配座異性体の存在比に依存した加重平均の値が観測され,7~8 Hz 程度となることが多い.この関係式は,NMRを用いた有機化合物の立体化学の研究法として重要であり,立体配座の解析や立体配置の決定などに応用される.たとえば,いす形シクロヘキサン誘導体において,ビシナルプロトン間の結合定数は,両者がアキシアルのとき(ω ≈ 180°)大きく,両者がエクアトリアルのとき(ω ≈ 60°)小さいのはこの関係から説明できる.結合定数は,炭素原子の混成やそれに結合した置換基の電気陰性度などの影響を受けるので,これらを補正するためのパラメーターや式も知られている.ほかの核種のNMRでも同様な関係が成り立つ場合がある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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