Widow's share - Kafubun

Japanese: 寡婦分 - かふぶん
Widow's share - Kafubun

…In Western society, a system has been established for a long time to guarantee a living to widows who lose their husbands and are worried about their future lives after their husbands' death. This system is a right (lifetime usufruct) to use and profit from the husband's real estate for the rest of his life, unless the widow remarries, and is called the widow's share (donaire) (French), dower (English), or Leibzucht (German). This widow's share is said to be a mixture of the Germanic custom of a husband giving his wife a gift from his future husband (dos ex marito) and a gift after the death of his husband (Morgengabe). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "widow's share" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…西欧社会では,かなり古くから夫を失って将来の生活の不安にかられる寡婦に対して,夫の死後も生活を保障する制度が設けられている。それは寡婦が再婚しないかぎり,夫の固有不動産を終身の間使用,収益することができる権利(終身用益権)であって,寡婦分donaire(フランス語),dower(英語),Leibzucht(ドイツ語)という。この寡婦分はゲルマンの慣行の夫から妻になされる〈夫となるべき者からの贈与dos ex marito〉と後朝贈与Morgengabeが混合したものといわれる。…

※「寡婦分」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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