An industry that manufactures carbide (calcium carbide). In Japan, it first developed as calcium carbide for fertilizer production, but from around 1950, demand increased with the spread of organic synthetic products made from carbide and acetylene (produced by reacting carbide with water), and from 1957 onwards, demand for vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate increased significantly. However, as most products such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate have switched to petrochemicals as their raw material source, demand has decreased, and calcium carbide and carbide for welding and cutting are showing signs of becoming the main focus. Manufacturers are continuing to reduce production by redirecting some of their electric furnaces to the production of ferroalloys or suspending operations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
カーバイド (→炭化カルシウム ) を製造する工業。日本では当初,石灰窒素として肥料製造用を中心に発展したが,1950年頃からカーバイド,アセチレン (カーバイドに水を作用させて発生) を原料とする有機合成品の普及で需要が増大し,57年以降は塩化ビニル,酢酸ビニル向けに大きく伸びた。しかし塩化ビニル,酢酸ビニルなど大部分の製品が原料源を石油化学に転換したため,需要は減少,石灰窒素および溶接,切断用カーバイドが中心になる方向を示している。各メーカーは電気炉の一部を合金鉄の生産に振向けたり,運転休止に踏切ったりして減産体制を続けている。
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