Garden Pansy

Japanese: ガーデン・パンジー - がーでんぱんじー
Garden Pansy

...It is said that it was introduced to Japan on a Dutch ship at the end of the Edo period, and was called butterfly violet, butterfly flower, or human face flower, but at that time improved varieties had only just been created in Europe, so these had already been introduced to Japan.
[Horticultural varieties, cultivation]
There are a great many varieties, divided into the large-flowered Garden Pansy type developed from V. tricolor , and the small-flowered Tufted Pansy type developed from V. cornuta , the latter generally known as Viola (illustration). Representative Garden Pansy varieties include the giant-flowered Majestic Giant and Imperial Giant (both domestic first-generation hybrids), the large-flowered Swiss Giant, and the medium-flowered 20th Century Series and Bedder, and most of the well-known varieties in recent years are domestic varieties.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Garden Pansies" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…日本へは江戸時代末に,オランダの船によって渡来したといわれ,胡蝶菫(こちようすみれ)とか遊蝶花(ゆうちようか),あるいは人面草(じんめんそう)などと呼ばれていたが,その当時は,まだヨーロッパで改良品種がつくり出されたばかりで,これがすでに渡来していたことになる。
[園芸品種,栽培]
 系統品種がきわめて多いが,V.tricolorから発達した大輪のガーデン・パンジーGarden Pansy系と,V.cornutaから発達した小輪のタフテッド・パンジーTufted Pansy系とに分けられ,後者は一般にはビオラ(イラスト)の名で呼ばれている。ガーデン・パンジー系では巨大輪のマジェスティック・ジャイアントMajestic Giantやインペリアル・ジャイアントImperial Giant(いずれも国産一代交配種),大輪系ではスイス・ジャイアントSwiss Giant,中輪系では20世紀シリーズ系やベッダー系が代表的で,近年の著名種はほとんどが国産品種である。…

※「ガーデン・パンジー」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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