…Shadow puppet theaters were also all the rage in the 17th century. In 1832, Belgian physicist J. Plateau invented the phenakistiscope, German scientist von Stamper invented the stroboscope, and the following year, British mathematician WG Horner invented the zoetrope, which exploited the phenomenon of persistent images on the retina (thaumatrope and Faraday's wheel, toys based on the principle of optical illusions, had already been invented in the 1820s). These toys were popular as science toys from the 1850s to the 1860s. In 1851, French poet Baudelaire wrote the following about one of these science toys, the phenakistiscope, as if he had foreseen the coming of film: … From [Rotary Lanterns]...They were not made much in the latter half of the Edo period, but they still survived into the Meiji period and after. Another Western toy of this type is the zoetrope (wheel of life), in which a picture is rotated inside a cylinder and viewed through a peephole in the cylinder. The picture is drawn like a cartoon film, and as it rotates, it moves like a movie and is projected onto the eye. ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "zoetrope" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…17世紀には〈影絵劇場〉も大流行した。1832年,ベルギーの物理学者J.プラトーのフェナキスティコープphenakisticope(あるいはフェナキストスコープphenakistoscope),ドイツの科学者フォン・シュタンパーのストロボスコープstroboscope,次いで翌33年にはイギリスの数学者W.G.ホーナーのゾーエトロープzoetropeといった網膜の残像現象を利用した装置が発明され(すでに1820年代からソーマトロープthaumatropeや〈ファラデーの車輪〉などの錯視の原理による玩具が発明されていたが),50年代から60年代にかけて科学玩具としてもてはやされた。フランスの詩人ボードレールは,51年にこれらの科学玩具の一つフェナキスティコープについて次のように書き,きたるべき映画を予知しているかのようである。… 【回り灯籠】より…江戸時代後半はあまり作られなかったが,それでも明治時代以降にも残った。また西洋のこの種のおもちゃに〈活動のぞき絵zoetrope(wheel of life)〉があり,円筒の中で絵を回転させて,円筒に設けたのぞき穴から見る。絵は漫画映画のフィルムの絵のように描き,回転すれば映画のように活動して目に映じる。… ※「zoetrope」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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