...The difference between the two systems is whether to give legal effect to a manifestation of intention that is defective in its formation, such as when ordering whiskey with the intention of buying brandy, where the intention is inconsistent with the manifestation, or when one is deceived. The Japanese Civil Code is based on the principle of intention, as it considers manifestations of intention that lack an intention of internal effect to be invalid (Articles 93-95 of the Civil Code) and considers defective manifestations of intention to be valid (Article 96), but it has been modified to protect the other party. Academic theory tends to interpret the Civil Code based on the principle of manifestation. ... From [Defects]...Issues include defects in the expression of intention in legal acts, defects in the object of a sale, defects in the installation and maintenance of land structures, and defects in possession. (1) First of all, in the expression of intention in a sale or purchase, etc., an expression of intention made through fraud or duress is called a "defective expression of intention," and it is said to be rescindable (Civil Code Article 96). This is to protect the person who made the expression. ... *Some of the terminology used to refer to "defective manifestation of intention" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…両主義の差異は,たとえば,ブランデーを買うつもりでウィスキーを注文したときのように,内心的効果意思と表示行為が不一致の意思表示や,だまされた場合のように,その形成過程に瑕疵(かし)のある意思表示に法律効果を与えるかどうかを考えるにあたって差異が生ずる。日本の民法は,内心的効果意思が欠けた意思表示を無効(民法93~95条)とし,瑕疵ある意思表示をいちおう有効とみている(96条)ことから,意思主義の基調にあるといえるが,相手方の保護を考えて修正をしている。学説としては,表示主義を基調とする傾向に立って民法を解釈する傾向が強い。… 【瑕疵】より…法律行為における意思表示の瑕疵,売買の目的物の瑕疵,土地工作物の設置・保存の瑕疵,占有における瑕疵などが問題となる。(1)まず,売買などの意思表示において,詐欺・強迫によってされた意思表示を〈瑕疵ある意思表示〉といい,それは取り消すことができるとされる(民法96条)。表意者を保護するためである。… ※「瑕疵ある意思表示」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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