Dictatorial (English spelling)

Japanese: ディクタトル（英語表記）dictator

The highest magistrate in ancient Rome in times of emergency. It is translated as dictator. Originally a permanent position in Latin cities, it was adopted by Rome after the abolition of the monarchy and became a temporary office that gave unified military power in times of emergency. Originally it was joint with the consul, but gradually it was given an independent status, appointed by the consul in the senate, and had military powers. The term of office was limited to six months, and the dictator resigned after completing his immediate duties. After that, it gradually became a mere figurehead, and was only established for elections and festivals in Italy, and was no longer established after 216 BC. It was revived under L. Sulla and Julius Caesar, but lost its original character and only had the characteristics of a head of state.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代ローマの非常時の最高政務官。独裁官と訳される。起源はラテン諸市の恒常職だったが，王政廃止後のローマに取入れられ，非常時に軍政の統一権力を与えられる臨時職権となった。元来執政官 (コンスル ) と共同するものであったが次第に独立的地位を与えられ，元老院において執政官から指名され，軍事大権を有した。任期は6ヵ月に限られ当面の職務が遂行されれば辞職した。その後次第に有名無実化し，イタリア内の選挙，祭典のために設置されるだけになり，前 216年以後は設置されなくなった。 L.スラ，ユリウス・カエサルのとき復活したが，本来の性格を失い，元首的性質をもつだけであった。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Dik-dik (English spelling)

>>: Take‐off