Aztec

Japanese: アステカ
Aztec
A nation that flourished from the 14th century until the Spanish conquest in 1521, centered on what is now Mexico City. The Aztecs were the central ethnic group that lived in the capital city of Tenochtitlan, and were also called the Mexica. A branch of the northern Chichimeca people, they entered the Basin of Mexico in the 13th century, and settled on Tenochtitlan, which was then an island in a lake, in the mid-14th century. In the 15th century, they became the largest power in the Basin of Mexico and began their conquests. In the early 16th century, they established hegemony from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific coast, inherited Mayan and Toltec cultures, and created a complex culture that organized the religion of the conquered territories. The original patron deity of the Aztecs was Huitzilopochtli, but they claimed that their kingship came from the Toltec Quetzalcoatl. The Aztec king Moctezuma II, who believed in the reappearance of Quetzalcoatl, mistook Cortes and his companions, who landed in 1519, for the deity, which resulted in the hastening of the downfall of the Aztec state. After the conquest in 1521, Aztec culture was viewed negatively by the Spanish, but with the movement for Mexican independence it came to be praised as a symbol of national unity. On the other hand, the Indians who carried it on continue to suffer from discrimination and poverty.
Related topics: Acrobatics | Aztec languages ​​| American Indians | Conquistadors | Sahagun | Mexico (country) | Mexican cuisine | Mesoamerica

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
14世紀から1521年のスペイン人による征服まで,現在のメキシコ市を中心に栄えた国家をいう。アステカは首都テノチティトランに住んだその中心的民族で,メシカMexicaとも称した。北方のチチメカ族の一派であり,13世紀にはメキシコ盆地に入り,14世紀半ばに,当時湖上の島であったテノチティトランに定住,15世紀にはメキシコ盆地最大の勢力となって征服活動を始めた。16世紀初頭にはメキシコ湾岸から太平洋岸にまで覇権を確立し,マヤの文明やトルテカ文化を継承,征服地の宗教を組織化した複雑な文化をつくり出した。アステカ本来の守護神はウィツィロポチトリであったが,その王権はトルテカのケツァルコアトルに由来すると称した。ケツァルコアトルの再来を信じたアステカ王モクテスマ2世は1519年に上陸してきたコルテスらをこの神の一行と誤認し,アステカ国家の滅亡を早める結果となった。1521年の征服後,アステカ文化はスペイン人によって否定的にとらえられたが,メキシコの独立の動きとともに国家統合のシンボルとして称賛されるようになった。一方でその担い手であるインディオはいまだに差別と貧困に苦しんでいるのが現状である。
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