Penalties related to Cabinet Orders, Ministerial Orders, Prefectural Orders, and Police Orders - Penalties related to Cabinet Orders, Ministerial Orders, Prefectural Orders, and Police Orders

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[History and issues]
Legislation of this kind dates back to the 1873 Ishikikaii Ordinance. Later, the old Penal Code (promulgated in 1880) incorporated this type of provision in its fourth chapter as a police offense punishable by detention or fine, but the current Penal Code (promulgated in 1907) abolished the category of police offenses, and in 1908, the Police Offenses Punishment Ordinance was enacted as a Ministry of Home Affairs ordinance based on the "Penalties for Violation of the Provisions of Orders" (law promulgated in 1890) and the "Penalties for Cabinet Orders, Ministerial Orders, Prefectural Orders, and Police Orders" (Imperial Ordinance promulgated in 1890), and the 71 types of old police offenses were reorganized and revised to form 58 types of police offenses. The Punishment Ordinance continued to exist until after World War II, and was temporarily recognized as having legal effect until May 2nd of the following year under the Law Concerning the Effect of Provisions of Orders Currently in Effect at the Time of the Enactment of the Constitution of Japan, after which it was replaced by the Minor Offenses Law, which was based on the principles of the Constitution of Japan in both content and form.

*Some of the terminology used in the "Penalties Related to Cabinet Orders, Ministerial Ordinances, Prefectural Ordinances, and Police Ordinances" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

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［沿革と問題点］
　同種立法は1873年の違式詿違（いしきかいい）条例などにさかのぼる。その後，旧刑法(1880公布)が第4編に拘留，科料にあたる違警罪としてこの種の規定を取り込んだが，現行刑法(1907公布)が違警罪という範疇を廃したのに伴い，1908年に，〈命令ノ条項違犯ニ関スル罰則ノ件〉(1890年公布の法律)および〈閣令省令庁府県令及警察令ニ関スル罰則〉(1890年公布の勅令)を根拠に，内務省令として，警察犯処罰令が制定され，旧違警罪71種は整理，改訂を加えられて警察犯(58種)としてこの中に再編された。同処罰令は第2次大戦後まで存続し，1947年に公布された〈日本国憲法施行の際現に効力を有する命令の規定の効力等に関する法律〉によって，翌年5月2日までなお一時的に法律としての効力を認められた後，内容的にも形式的にも日本国憲法の理念を受けた軽犯罪法に換えられることとなった。…

※「閣令省令庁府県令及警察令ニ関スル罰則」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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