Gakuson

Japanese: 楽僔 - がくそん

...The Northern Wei dynasty first named this place Dunhuang Town, and later renamed it Guazhou. The first caves of the Mogao Caves were excavated by the monk Le Xun in 366 (Jianyuan 2), when the area was under the rule of Former Qin. It is said that the caves were expanded in the first half of the 6th century by Dongyang King Yuan Tairong, who became the governor of Guazhou at the end of the Northern Wei dynasty, and other people. Excavation and repairs continued until around 1000, and the area became a sacred place of Buddhism. The Great Grottoes of Yungang, excavated near the Northern Wei capital Pingcheng after 460 at the suggestion of Tan Yao, were clearly modeled on the construction of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. ...

From the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang

... The oldest record of the founding of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang is the Reconstructed Mogao Caves Buddhist Niche Stele from 698 (Shenli 1). According to the inscription, it was first built in 366 (Jianyuan 2) when Le Zhan saw a thousand Buddhas and opened the caves, and then the Zen master Ho Liang built another cave. The contents of the inscription are also followed in the Records of the Mogao Caves written in ink in Cave 156, but the remaining scroll of the Shazhou Earth Mirror dated 949 (Qianyou 2) and found in Cave 17 states that the caves were founded in 353 (Yonghe 9). ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Rakukan" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…北魏は初めここを敦煌鎮とし，のちに瓜州と改めた。　莫高窟は，前秦領であった366年(建元2)に僧の楽僔（がくそん）が最初の洞窟を掘り，6世紀の前半，北魏の末期に瓜州刺史となった東陽王の元太栄らが拡張したと伝えられ，それ以後1000年ごろまで開掘と補修がつづけられ，仏教の聖地となった。北魏の都，平城の近くに460年以後，曇曜の発案で開掘される雲岡の大石窟は，明らかに敦煌莫高窟の造営を模範としていた。…

【敦煌莫高窟】より

…　敦煌莫高窟の草創についての記載は，698年(聖暦1)の李懐譲《重修莫高窟仏龕碑》が最も古い。碑文によると，366年(建元2)楽僔（がくそん）が千仏を見て窟を開き，続いて法良禅師がさらに1窟を造営したのがその始めと述べている。碑文に述べる内容は第156窟に墨書された《莫高窟記》にも踏襲されているが，第17窟から出た949年(乾祐2)の《沙州土鏡》残巻には，353年(永和9)に草創されたとしている。…

※「楽僔」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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