Diffusion coefficient

Japanese: 拡散係数 - カクサンケイスウ
Diffusion coefficient

When there is no external force, the change in the amount of a substance in a space over time is equal to the amount of substance moving in proportion to the concentration gradient on the surface of the space, and this proportionality constant is called the diffusion coefficient D. In other words,

Here, c is the substance concentration, (grad) n is the gradient perpendicular to the surface, d V and d S are the volume and area elements. The unit of the diffusion coefficient is Stokes (St).

1 St = 10 -4 m 2 s -1 = 1 cm 2 s -1 .
As the simplest example, the diffusion coefficient of self-diffusion in one gas is given by the kinetic theory of gases as

D = (1/3)
is given by, where is the average velocity of the molecules, and l is the mean free path. The diffusion coefficient of a particle with radius r in a liquid with viscosity η is given by the kinetic theory of gases and Stokes' law as follows:

D = RT /( 6πηr N A )
Here, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and N A is the Avogadro constant. By using Gauss's theorem to convert the area integral on the right-hand side of equation (1) into a volume integral, and assuming that this relationship holds for any space, we obtain the following diffusion equation.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

外力の作用がないとき,ある空間中の物質量の時間変化は,その空間表面での濃度勾配に比例して移動する物質量に等しく,この比例定数を拡散係数Dという.すなわち,

ここに,cは物質濃度,(grad)n は表面に垂直方向の勾配,dV,dSは体積,面積要素である.拡散係数の単位はストーク(St).

1 St = 10-4 m2 s-1 = 1 cm2 s-1
もっとも簡単な例として,1種類の気体中での自己拡散の拡散係数は気体運動論により

D = (1/3)
で与えられる.は分子の平均速度,lは平均自由行程である.また,粘度ηの液体中における半径rの微粒子の拡散係数は,気体運動論とストークスの法則により

DRT/(6πηrNA)
で与えられる.ここで,Rは気体定数,Tは絶対温度,NA はアボガドロ定数である.(1)式にガウスの定理を用いて右辺の面積積分を体積積分に移し,この関係がいかなる空間についても成立するものとすると,次の拡散方程式が得られる.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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