Carducci - Giosuè Carducci

Italian poet and man of letters. He spent his childhood and adolescence moving from place to place in the desolate marshes of Tuscany with his father, who had been driven from his hometown in support of Mazzini. During this time, he was mostly self-taught and familiar with classical Greek and Latin literature. After graduating from a normal school and becoming a teacher, he formed an anti-romantic literature club and devoted himself to poetry. However, he soon lost his job, and in his poverty, he devoted himself to poetry and classical studies. The works from this period, which combine a rebellious will and an attitude of pursuing classical formal beauty, were later collected in the Collected Poems (1871) under the title "Age of Youth". After he was accepted into the University of Bologna, he was influenced by Michelet, Hugo, Platen, and Goethe, and wrote "Hymne d'Erlkönig" (1863) and "Immacro-Magnificent and Immacro-Magnificent Poems" (1867-79), which clearly supported the democratic republic and violently attacked the Catholic Church, which was obstructing national unification. However, after the Kingdom of Italy succeeded in annexing Rome, his fierce polemic tone gradually faded away, and he produced works on historical events and love, such as the New Verses (1861-86), which emphasized classical form and symmetry, and his masterpiece, the Antique Verses (1893). He later rejected the former republican system in favor of the monarchy, which drew fierce criticism. He also wrote a large number of classical research papers, which are collected in the 30-volume national edition of his collected works. In 1906, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

[Kouhei Kawana]

"Carducci" translated by Hideaki Kawashima and Kohei Kawana (included in "Complete Works of Nobel Prize Literature 23", 1971, Shufu no Tomosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの詩人、文学者。マッツィーニを支持して故郷を追われた父とともに、トスカナ地方の荒涼たる沼沢地帯を転々としながら幼・少年期を送る。この間、ほとんど独学でギリシア・ラテンの古典文学に親しむ。師範学校を卒業して教員になると、反ロマン主義文学のサークルを結成し、詩作に打ち込む。だが、まもなく職を奪われ、貧窮のうちに詩作と古典研究に没頭する。反逆の意志と古典的形式美を追求する姿勢の同居するこの時期の作品群は、のちに『詩集』（1871）のなかに「青春の季」と題して収められた。やがてボローニャ大学に迎えられると、ミシュレやユゴー、プラーテンやゲーテの影響を受け、民主共和制支持の立場を鮮明にするとともに、国家統一を妨げるカトリック教会を激しく攻撃する『魔王賛歌』（1863）、『短長格と長短格詩編』（1867～79）を書いた。しかしイタリア王国によるローマ併合が成功したころから、激しい論争調はしだいに影を潜め、歴史上のできごとや愛を主題にして、古典的な形式と均整を重んじた『新韻集』（1861～86）や、代表作『擬古詩集』（1893）に収められる作品を完成した。その後、かつての共和制を排して王制を支持したため、激しい非難を浴びた。ほかに、膨大な古典研究論文などがあり、国家版全集30巻に収められている。1906年にはノーベル文学賞を受賞した。

［川名公平］

『河島英昭・川名公平訳『カルドゥッチ』（『ノーベル賞文学全集23』所収・1971・主婦の友社）』

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