Oceanic crust

Japanese: 海洋地殻 - かいようちかく
Oceanic crust

The term refers to the crust in oceanic regions, especially in deep sea areas. Its thickness is almost uniform everywhere except for the seawater layer, at only about 6 kilometers. It was assumed that it was extremely thin compared to the continental crust due to isostasis, but it was not until around 1950 that this was actually confirmed by artificial earthquake observations. Its uniform thickness is thought to be related to the mechanism by which it is formed at mid-ocean ridges as part of oceanic plates. The majority of the oceanic crust is made up of so-called basaltic layers, and is characterized by a lack of granitic layers, but deep sea drilling by the Glomar Challenger has confirmed that just below the sedimentary layer is a layer of pillow lava.

[Yoshii Toshiaki]

[Reference] | Isostasy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海洋地域のとくに深海部における地殻のこと。その厚さは、海水層を除くとどこでもほとんど一様で、わずか6キロメートル程度しかない。大陸の地殻に比べてきわめて薄いことは、アイソスタシーisostasyなどから想像されていたが、人工地震の観測によって実際に確かめられたのは1950年ころである。厚さが一様なのは、海洋プレートの一部として中央海嶺(かいれい)で形成される機構に関係があるとされている。海洋地殻の主要部分はいわゆる玄武岩質層からなり、花崗(かこう)岩質層を欠くのが特徴であるが、堆積(たいせき)層のすぐ下は枕状(まくらじょう)溶岩の層であることがグローマー・チャレンジャー号による深海掘削で確かめられている。

[吉井敏尅]

[参照項目] | アイソスタシー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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