Taipei

Japanese: 台北 - たいほく

The central city of Taiwan. It is located in the north of Taiwan, in the center of the Taipei Basin, on the east side of the Danshui River. It has a population of 2,646,474 (2000). It is surrounded by mountains, with the Datun volcanic group consisting of the peaks of Datun Shan and Qixing Shan in the north, Guanyin Shan across the Danshui River in the west, and the Taoyuan Plateau in the southwest. It has a subtropical climate, with an average temperature of 28°C in summer and 15°C in winter, and hot summers due to the influence of the basin. It has a long rainy season with dry summers and rainy winters, and an annual precipitation of 2,100 mm.

[Yoo Jin Kyung]

city

It is made up of 16 districts, 10 in the city and 6 in the suburbs, and is largely bounded by the Danshui River in the east, the Xindian River in the south, and the Keelun River in the north. In recent years, economic development and population concentration have led to rapid road construction and urban construction, transforming the city into a modern international city filled with people and cars, with skyscrapers and a forest of skyscrapers. Taipei has two faces, an old one and a new one. The areas along the Danshui River in the west, such as Longshan, Yanping, Jiancheng, Chengzhong, and Guting, are the old Taipei, with its rows of buildings along the pedestrian walkways, while the areas in the east, such as Zhongshan, Songshan, and Daan, are the new Taipei, with its wide roads and forests of skyscrapers. The square in front of the Presidential Office Building (former Governor's Office) and New Park are the center of the city, and are surrounded by the Executive Yuan and other central government offices and financial institution headquarters, with the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall occupying one corner of the east. The commercial center is densely populated with shops, department stores, restaurants, etc. around Taipei Station, Zhonghua Road Ximen and Chongqing South Road to the south, and Yanping North Road and Zhongshan North Road to the north. In the eastern Zhongshan and Songshan districts, high-rise apartment buildings and offices of large companies such as trading companies are concentrated, while in the southern Guting and Daan districts, there are many universities and research institutes, including National Taiwan University and National Taiwan Normal University. The surrounding areas of Shuangyuan, Datong, Songshan, and Nangang are densely populated with factories of textiles, food, machinery, metals, chemicals, printing, electrical machinery, etc., and together with Keelun, they form the northern Taiwan industrial belt.

[Yoo Jin Kyung]

traffic

It is a key point for domestic and international transportation, with Keelung Port, Taiwan's northern sea gateway, 25 kilometers to the northeast, and Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taoyuan, 60 kilometers to the west, connecting the city to all parts of the world. It is the starting point of the Taiwan Transverse Railway and the North-Link Railway, and the North-South Expressway passes through the city, connecting Taipei Airport in Songshan with airports all over the island. Transportation within the city is mainly by bus, with a web of routes. Due to the large number of people and cars, traffic congestion and air pollution from exhaust fumes are severe and are major problems. In addition, the water level of the Tamsui River rises due to the accumulation of sand, and heavy rains often cause flooding in the lowlands of the city.

[Yoo Jin Kyung]

Cultural facilities and tourism

Cultural facilities are also abundant, with six universities, four colleges, and 14 junior colleges and vocational schools. In addition to the History Museum, Provincial Museum, and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, the Palace Museum in the suburbs is internationally famous and houses approximately 620,000 pieces of art and documents from the Shang to Qing dynasties brought from mainland China. Sports facilities include the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, the Social Education Hall, the Chinese Gymnasium, and the General Sports Center, as well as New Park, Botanical Garden, Youth Park, Shuangxi Park, the zoo, and Children's Paradise, which provide recreation and relaxation for the city's residents. Tourist attractions within the city include the Palace Museum, Longshan Temple, Zhinan Temple, Confucius Temple, Botanical Garden, Presidential Office Building, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, and Yuanshan Hotel. Yangmingshan and Xinbeitou, located 16 kilometers northwest at the foot of Mount Datun, are famous for their hot springs and scenic beauty. 22km west, in Danshui, are the ruins of St. Domingo Castle, built by the Spanish, which faces the sea and overlooks the beautiful Guanyin Mountain. There are also settlements of the Atayal people (in Chinese-speaking countries, "indigenous people" means "those who no longer exist" so "indigenous people" is used) at Bitan, 11km south, in the upper reaches of the Xindian River, and at Wulai, 27km south, in the mountains.

[Yoo Jin Kyung]

history

In the past, it was called Dajia Ze (present-day Chengzhong) or Bangka (present-day Wanhua), derived from the transliteration of the indigenous people. The city was founded in 1708 when Chen Laizhang, a native of Quanzhou, Fujian Province, made an agreement with the indigenous people to develop it. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1662-1722), it belonged to Zhuluo County, and during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty (1723-1735), it belonged to the Tamsui Office. When Taipei Prefecture was established in 1875, it became its administrative center, and in 1894 it became the capital of Taiwan Province. Since the mid-19th century, it has developed into a commercial center in northern Taiwan, and was known as "First Prefecture (Tainan), Second Lu (Lugang), Third Bangka." After the Japanese occupation, Taipei Prefecture was renamed Taipei County, and then Taipei Prefecture, and in 1920, it merged with the surrounding villages to form a city. In 1967, after the Second World War, it was promoted to a municipality under the direct control of the central government, and expanded to its current size by absorbing six nearby towns and villages.

[Yoo Jin Kyung]

[Reference] | Taiwan

Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall
A memorial hall built to honor the achievements of Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the Chinese revolution. Located in Zhongshan Park. Taipei, Taiwan ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall

The Palace Museum (Taipei)
An art museum located in the northern suburbs of the city, at the foot of Waishuangxi Mountain. It is also called Zhongshan Museum. Taipei, Taiwan ©Shogakukan ">

The Palace Museum (Taipei)

Longshan Temple
This temple was built in 1738. Along with the National Palace Museum and the Confucius Temple, it is one of the tourist attractions in Taipei. Taiwan Taipei ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Longshan Temple

Presidential Office
Former Taiwan Governor's Office. A historic six-story brick building. The central tower is 60m high. Taipei, Taiwan ©Shogakukan ">

Presidential Office

Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall
It was built in 1980 to commemorate the fifth anniversary of Chiang Kai-shek's death. "Zhongzheng" is Chiang Kai-shek's character. Taipei, Taiwan ©Shogakukan ">

Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall

Taipei 101
A 101-story skyscraper completed in 2004. It is 508 meters tall. Taipei, Taiwan ©Shogakukan ">

Taipei 101

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

台湾の中心都市。台湾の北部、台北盆地の中央、淡水(たんすい)河の東側に位置する。人口264万6474（2000）。周囲を山に囲まれ、北部には大屯(だいとん)山、七星(しちせい)山の群峰からなる大屯火山群があり、西は淡水河を隔てて観音山を望み、南西部に桃園(とうえん)台地が広がる。亜熱帯の気候で、夏季の平均気温が28℃、冬季は平均15℃、盆地の影響で夏は暑い。夏乾冬雨で雨期が長く、年降水量は2100ミリメートル。

［劉　進　慶］

市街

市内10区、市郊6区の計16区で構成され、市内は東の淡水河、南の新店渓(しんてんけい)、北のキールン河に大きく抱えられている。近年の経済発展と人口集中によって道路整備や都市建設が急速に進み、高層ビルが林立し、人と車があふれる近代的な国際都市に変貌(へんぼう)している。台北には新旧二つの顔があり、西の淡水河沿いにある竜山、延平、建成、城中、古亭などの地域は、亭仔脚(ていしきゃく)（渡り廊下）の建物が並ぶ古い台北で、東の中山、松山、大安などの地域は、広い道路と高層建築が林立する新しい台北である。総統府（旧総督府）前の広場と新公園を中心に、周りに行政院以下の中央官庁や金融機関本社ビルが散在し、中正（蒋介石(しょうかいせき)）紀念堂が東の一角を占める。台北駅の周辺や南側の中華路西門、重慶南路、北側の延平北路、中山北路などに商店、デパート、レストランなどが密集し、商業中心地となっている。東の中山区、松山区方面には高層住宅のほか、商社など大企業の事務所が集中し、南の古亭区、大安区には台湾大学、台湾師範大学など多くの大学や研究所がある。周辺部の双園、大同、松山、南港には紡績、食品、機械、金属、化学、印刷、電気機械などの工場が密集し、キールンと連なって台湾北部工業地帯を形成している。

［劉　進　慶］

交通

内外交通の要衝で、北東25キロメートルに台湾の海の北玄関キールン港があり、西60キロメートルの桃園に中正国際空港があって、世界各地と結んでいる。台湾縦貫鉄道、北廻(ほくかい)鉄道の発着点で、南北高速道路が市内を通り、松山の台北空港は島内各地の空港と結んでいる。市内交通は主としてバスで、路線が網の目のように通っている。人と自動車が多いため、交通の混雑と排気ガスによる空気の汚染がひどく、大きな問題となっている。また、淡水河の水位が流砂の堆積(たいせき)で高くなり、市内の低地では豪雨による水害がよく起こる。

［劉　進　慶］

文化施設・観光

文化施設も充実しており、総合大学が6校、単科大学が4校、短大・専門学校が14校ある。歴史博物館、省立博物館、国父記念館のほか、郊外にある故宮(こきゅう)博物院が国際的にも有名で、中国本土から持ち込んだ殷(いん)時代から清(しん)代までの美術品、文献およそ62万点が収蔵されている。スポーツ施設として中正紀念堂、社教館、中華体育館、総合体育場があるほか、新公園、植物園、青年公園、双渓公園、動物園、児童楽園などが市民の娯楽や憩いの場となっている。市内の観光地は、故宮博物院をはじめ竜山寺、指南宮、孔子廟(びょう)、植物園、総統府、中正紀念堂、円山飯店などがある。北西16キロメートル大屯山山麓(さんろく)の陽明山、新北投(しんほくとう)は有名な温泉、景勝の地である。西22キロメートルの淡水にスペイン人が築いたセント・ドミンゴ城跡があり、海に面し観音山を望んで美しい。また南11キロメートル新店渓上流にある碧潭(へきたん)、同27キロメートル山中の烏来(うらい)に原住民（中国語圏では、「先住民」に「今は存在しない」という意味があるため、「原住民」が用いられる）タイヤル族の集落がある。

［劉　進　慶］

歴史

古くは先住民族の音訳に由来する大加蚋(たいかぜい)（現在の城中）または艋舺(もうこう)（現在の万華）とよんだ。1708年、福建省泉州出身の陳頼章(ちんらいしょう)が先住民族と協約して開拓したのが市の発端である。清の康煕(こうき)年間（1662～1722）には諸羅(しょら)県に所属、同雍正(ようせい)年間（1723～1735）には淡水庁に属し、1875年台北府が設けられるとその治所となり、1894年から台湾省の省都となった。19世紀中ごろ以後は台湾北部の商業中心地に発展し、「一府（台南）二鹿(ろく)（鹿港）三艋舺」と称された。日本の占領後、台北府は台北県に、さらに台北州に改められ、1920年、付近の集落を合併して市制を敷いた。第二次世界大戦後の1967年、中央政府直轄市に昇格、近郊の六つの郷鎮を吸収合併して現在の市域に拡大した。

［劉　進　慶］

[参照項目] | 台湾

国父記念館

故宮博物院（台北）

竜山寺

総統府

中正紀念堂

台北101

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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