A moderate position in the debate on universals in scholastic philosophy. In opposition to nominalism, which holds that universals are mere terms, it acknowledges the existence of universals, as does idealism. However, it is closer to nominalism, which acknowledges the existence of universals only in individuals, stating that they exist as concepts in the mind and that their reality depends on the individual being to which the concept applies. In other words, the reality of universals is completely abstract and conceptual. Abelard, a representative of conceptualism, established his own theory in opposition to his two teachers, Roscellinus, a nominalist, and William of Champeaux, a realist. He focused on the fact that the same object is stated in relation to many subjects, and considered this commonality between individuals extracted by the mind to be universals. According to the conclusion reached based on Abelard's theory, universals exist before things as the archetypal idea of God's creation, in things as the form of individuals, and after things in thought. Conceptualism is a theory that lies on the border where Plato's ideas turn into the meaning of modern ideas. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
スコラ哲学の普遍論争における中庸的立場。普遍者は単なる名辞であるとする唯名論に対しては,実念論同様普遍者の実在を認める。しかしそれは概念として心中にあり,その実在性は概念の妥当する個的存在に依存するとして,個体にのみ実在を認める唯名論に近づく。すなわち普遍者の実在はまったく抽象的,概念的である。概念論の代表者アベラールは,唯名論のロスケリヌス,実念論のシャンポーのギヨームの2人の師に反対して自説を確立した。彼は同一の客語が多くの主語について述べられることに注目し,精神が取出すこの個体間の共通性を普遍者であるとした。アベラールの理論に基づいて出された結論によれば,普遍は神の創造の原型的イデアとして物の先に,個体の形相として物の中に,思惟にあっては物ののちに存在するとされた。概念論はプラトンのイデアが近世的な観念の意に転じていく境界に位置する理論である。
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