Declaration on the Laws of Naval Warfare - Declaration on the Laws of Naval Warfare

Neutral nations have the freedom to trade with belligerent nations, but they must comply with the system of wartime contraband. This system represents a compromise between the claims of belligerent and neutral nations, and the Declaration on the Laws of Naval Warfare, signed at the London Conference in 1909, set out detailed provisions on wartime contraband, focusing on the practices of the time. The Declaration distinguished and listed three types of contraband: absolute contraband, such as weapons, ammunition, and warships, which are used exclusively for wartime purposes; conditional contraband, such as food, currency, and railway materials, which are used for both wartime and peaceful purposes and can be captured if they are proven to be destined for the military or administrative authorities of an enemy nation; and free goods, such as wool, paper, and nursing supplies, which are not considered contraband because they are not used for wartime purposes.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "Declaration on the Laws of Naval Warfare" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…中立国国民は交戦国と通商する自由を有するが，戦時禁制品の制度には服さなければならない。この制度は交戦国と中立国の間の主張の妥協を示すもので，1909年ロンドン会議で調印された〈海戦法規に関する宣言〉は，当時の慣行を中心に戦時禁制品についての詳細な規定をおいた。同宣言では，武器弾薬･軍艦等性質上もっぱら戦争用に使用される絶対的禁制品，食糧，貨幣，鉄道材料等性質上戦争用にも平和用にも使用されうるもので，敵国の軍や行政官庁へ仕向けられたことが証明されれば捕獲される条件付禁制品，羊毛，紙，看護用品等性質上戦争に供せられないため禁制品とは認められない自由品の3種類が区別され，列挙された。…

※「海戦法規に関する宣言」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報