Sea relic lake

Japanese: 海跡湖 - かいせきこ（英語表記）sea relic lake

A lake or marsh that was formed when an area that was once sea was isolated from the open sea. Most of them are dammed lakes. There are various types of tidal lakes, including: (1) those that were formed when a part of a bay was separated from the sea by the development of a sandbar or sand spit (e.g., Lake Saroma); (2) those that were formed by two tombolos connecting a toridon to the shore (e.g., Lake Orbetero in Italy); Hachirogata Lake was thought to be of this type, but recent surveys have shown that it is not a double tombolo; (3) those that were formed when coastal bars or sand dunes developed on the coast and dammed up an inlet or river mouth (e.g., Lake Koyama and Lake Togo); and (4) those that were formed by marine transgression, marine regression, or land subsidence or uplift (e.g., Lake Shinji). A shallow lake or marsh that is separated from the open sea by coastal deposits such as sandbars and sand spits but is directly or indirectly influenced by the sea (seawater intrusion, tidal changes) is called a lagoon or lagoon.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

かつて海であった場所が，外海から隔離されてできた湖や沼沢。成因的には堰止湖 (せきとめこ) が多い。海跡湖は，(1) 砂州や砂嘴の発達によって海湾の一部が海からへだてられたもの (例:サロマ湖) ，(2) 陸繋島と陸岸を結ぶ2本のトンボロに囲まれてできたもの (例:イタリアのオルベテロ湖) ，八郎潟はこのタイプと考えられてきたが，最近の調査によれば二重トンボロではないらしい，(3) 沿岸州や砂丘が海岸に発達し，入江や河口をせきとめてできたもの (例:湖山池，東郷湖) ，(4) 海進，海退あるいは陸地の沈降，隆起などによってできたもの (例:宍道湖) など種々のタイプに区分される。また砂州や砂嘴などの沿岸堆積物によって外海からへだてられてはいるが，直接あるいは間接に海の影響 (海水の侵入，潮汐の変化) を受け，比較的水深が浅い湖や沼沢を潟湖 (せきこ) あるいは潟 (かた) と呼んでいる。

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