Dias, Antonio Gonçalves

Japanese: ディアス（英語表記）Dias， Antônio Gonçalves

Born: August 10, 1823, Maranhão, Boa Vista
Died November 3, 1864. Brazilian poet from the coast of Maranhão and Guimarães. His father was Portuguese and his mother was of mixed race, black and Indian. He was educated in his hometown and worked in commerce with his father. He went to Portugal in 1838 to study at the University of Coimbra, and returned to Brazil in 1845. He entered the Brazilian Institute of History and Geography and taught Latin and Brazilian history at the Pedro II High School. In 1851 he traveled to the Amazon region as a researcher sent by the emperor, and in 1859 he traveled to Ceara and the Amazon as head of the ethnology department of the Scientific Committee. Later, due to poor health, he traveled to Europe to recuperate, but died in a shipwreck on the way back home. The greatest poet of Brazilian romanticism. He pioneered indigenousism and became the true founder of national literature. In addition to the poetry collections Primeiros Cantos (46) and Últimos Cantos (51), he also wrote several plays.

Diaz
Diaz, Porfirio

Born: September 15, 1830, Oaxaca
[Died] July 2, 1915. Mexican soldier and dictator. President (in office 1877-80, 1884-1911). Though he was of poor mestizo origin, he played an active role as a revolutionary soldier in the Reforma movement led by B. Juarez from 1857-60 and in the war against France (1861-67). He eventually came into conflict with Juarez, and after his death, he led a successful coup in 1876, became president in 1877, and ruled Mexico for over 30 years with the support of the landlord class and foreign capital. However, in response to his extreme policy of protecting the landlords and foreign capital, F. Madero's revolution broke out in 1910, and he went into exile in Europe the following year.

Diaz
Dias de Novais, Bartolomeu

[Born] Around 1450
Died: May 1500. Portuguese navigator off the coast of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1487, under the orders of King João II (Imperfect), he took over D. Kan's exploration and set out on a voyage along the coast of Southwest Africa. He was the first European to circumnavigate the southern tip of the African continent, and reached the Cape of Good Hope, preparing the way for Vasco da Gama to discover the sea route to India. In 1500, he landed in Brazil on the way to India accompanied by P. Cabral, but was killed in a storm off the coast of the Cape of Good Hope.

Diaz
Diaz, Adolfo

[Born] 1874
[Died] 1964
Nicaraguan politician. President (in office 1913-17, 26-28). A conservative, pro-American politician, he became provisional president in 1911 and allowed the US Marines to stay in the country for 20 years, on the pretext of civil war. He was inaugurated as president twice with the help of the US.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1823.8.10. マラニャン，ボアビスタ
[没]1864.11.3. マラニャン，ギマラインス近海
ブラジルの詩人。ポルトガル人を父に，黒人とインディオの混血を母にもつ。生地で教育を受け，父とともに商業に従事。 1838年ポルトガルに渡りコインブラ大学で学び，45年帰国。ブラジル歴史・地理研究所へ入り，ペドロ2世高校でラテン語とブラジル史を教えた。 51年皇帝派遣の研究員として，アマゾン地方を旅行し，59年には，科学委員会の民族学部長としてセアラやアマゾンを旅行。のち健康を害してヨーロッパに転地療養するが，その帰国途上，船の難破で死亡。ブラジル・ロマン主義最大の詩人。土着民主義を開拓し，国民文学の真の創始者となった。詩集『初めの歌』 Primeiros Cantos (46) ，『終りの歌』 Últimos Cantos (51) のほかに数編の戯曲がある。

ディアス
Díaz， Porfirio

[生]1830.9.15. オアハカ
[没]1915.7.2. パリ
メキシコの軍人，独裁者。大統領 (在任 1877～80，84～1911) 。貧しいメスティーソ出身であったが，1857～60年の B.フアレスの指導するレフォルマおよび対フランス戦 (1861～67) で革命派の軍人として活躍。やがてフアレスと対立し，その死後，76年クーデターに成功，77年大統領となり，以後地主階級と外国資本の支持を背景に，30年余メキシコを支配した。しかしその極端な地主，外資保護政策に対して 1910年 F.マデロの革命が勃発，翌 11年ヨーロッパに亡命した。

ディアス
Dias de Novais， Bartolomeu

[生]1450頃
[没]1500.5. 喜望峰沖
ポルトガルの航海者。 1487年ジョアン2世 (完全王) の命により D.カンの探検を引継いで南西アフリカ沿岸の航海に出発。ヨーロッパ人として初めてアフリカ大陸南端を迂回，喜望峰に到達してバスコ・ダ・ガマによるインド航路発見を準備した。 1500年 P.カブラルを伴ってインドへ向う途中ブラジルに上陸したが，その後喜望峰沖で暴風雨にあい遭難死。