Alien Registration Act - Gaikokujin torokuho

Japanese: 外国人登録法 - がいこくじんとうろくほう
Alien Registration Act - Gaikokujin torokuho

This law aims to clarify the residential and status status of foreigners residing in Japan by implementing registration, and to contribute to the fair management of foreign residents. It came into force on April 28, 1952 (Showa 27), the same day as the Treaty of Peace with Japan (Treaty of Peace with Japan). It was Act No. 125 of 1952. Before the Alien Registration Law came into force, alien registration was carried out under the "Alien Registration Order" (Potsdam Imperial Ordinance No. 207), which was promulgated and put into force on May 2, 1947. This Imperial Ordinance was a simple document consisting of 15 articles that stipulated immigration control and alien registration. It stipulated that those who entered the country must apply for registration within 60 days, those who became foreigners during their stay must apply for registration within 14 days to the mayor of the city, ward, town or village where they reside, and those who changed their place of residence must apply for registration within 14 days. It also stipulated that they must carry their registration certificate at all times.

Furthermore, Taiwanese people designated by the Minister of the Interior and Koreans are considered foreigners for the time being in application of this Imperial Ordinance (Article 11 of the Foreigners Registration Order), and lost their Japanese nationality when the Treaty of Peace with Japan came into effect. Today, they reside as special permanent residents under the "Special Act on the Immigration Control of Persons Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality Pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan" (Special Immigration Act).

Contents of the regulations

The Alien Registration Law stipulates that any foreigner who lands in Japan (regardless of whether they are legal entrants or illegal entrants) who intends to stay in Japan for more than 90 days, and any person who has become a foreigner in Japan by birth or other reason and intends to stay in Japan for more than 60 days, must apply for new registration with the mayor of the city, ward, town or village in which they reside, and an Alien Registration Card will be issued to those who register. Foreigners aged 16 or older are required to carry their Alien Registration Card at all times.

In addition, there are provisions for registered foreigners, such as periodic confirmation applications, applications for change of address, applications for changes to registered information other than address, and applications for re-issuance of the Alien Registration Card if it is lost.

Abolition of the Alien Registration Law

In 2009, the Alien Registration Act was abolished by Article 4 of the "Act for Partial Revision of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act and the Special Act on Immigration Control of Persons Who Have Lost Japanese Nationality Pursuant to the Treaty of Peace with Japan" (hereinafter referred to as the 2009 Amendment Act). The effective date of Article 4 is set to be a date to be determined by government ordinance within three years from the date of promulgation. The 2009 Amendment Act also amended the "Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act" and established a new system in which the Minister of Justice issues "residence cards" to mid- to long-term residents. The Immigration Control Special Act was also amended and established a new system in which the Minister of Justice issues "special permanent resident certificates" to special permanent residents. Mid- to long-term residents are now required to carry and present their residence cards, and special permanent residents are now required to present their special permanent resident certificates (they are not required to carry them).

In addition, Article 39 of the Basic Resident Register Act stipulates that the Act does not apply to foreigners. However, the "Act to Partially Amend the Basic Resident Register Act," which was promulgated on the same day as the 2009 amendment Act (and comes into effect on the same day as the repeal of the Alien Registration Act), newly adds mid- to long-term residents, special permanent residents, etc. to the list of those subject to the Basic Resident Register Act (amended Article 39), and these foreigners will be required to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the Basic Resident Register Act, such as filing notifications of move-in and move-out.

For those who have been issued an Alien Registration Certificate at the time the Alien Registration Law is abolished, that Alien Registration Certificate will be considered to be a Residence Card or Special Permanent Resident Certificate until a Residence Card or Special Permanent Resident Certificate is issued. The period for which it is considered to be a Residence Card is up to three years, and for which it is considered to be a Special Permanent Resident Certificate is up to seven years (up to 16 years for those under 16), and the Alien Registration Certificate will be valid during these periods.

[Tadamasa Kuroki]

“Written by Mitsuru Tamura, revised and revised by Kazutaka Shigami and Susumu Yamagami, Completely Revised Article-by-Article Commentary on the Alien Registration Act” (2000, Nippon Kajo Publishing)”

[Reference items] | Permanent residence status | Foreigners | Korean residents in Japan issue | Fingerprinting system | Immigration control and refugee recognition law| Passport

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本に在留する外国人の登録を実施することによって外国人の居住関係および身分関係を明確ならしめ、在留外国人の公正な管理に資することを目的とする法律。日本国との平和条約(対日講和条約)発効と同日の1952年(昭和27)4月28日に施行された。昭和27年法律第125号。なお、外国人登録法施行前は、1947年5月2日公布、同日施行された「外国人登録令」(ポツダム勅令第207号)により外国人登録が行われていた。同勅令は、出入国管理と外国人登録を規定する15か条からなる簡単なものであった。外国人登録については、入国者は60日以内、在留中に外国人となった者は14日以内に居住地の市区町村の長に登録の申請を、居住地を変更したときは14日以内に登録の申請をしなければならないと定め、登録証明書を常時携帯する義務等が定められていた。

 また、台湾人のうち内務大臣が定める者および朝鮮人は、この勅令の適用については、当分の間、これを外国人とみなす(外国人登録令11条)とされ、対日講和条約発効に伴い日本国籍を離脱した。今日では「日本国との平和条約に基づき日本の国籍を離脱した者等の出入国管理に関する特例法」(入管特例法)に基づき、特別永住者として在留している。

規定内容

外国人登録法では、日本に上陸した外国人(適法入国者、不適法入国者を問わない)で90日を超えて在留しようとする者、また、出生その他の事由により日本で外国人となった者で60日を超えて在留しようとする者は、居住地の市区町村の長に新規登録の申請をしなければならないと定め、登録を行った外国人には外国人登録証明書が交付される。16歳以上の外国人は常時外国人登録証明書を携帯する義務が定められている。

 その他、登録を行っている外国人には、一定期間ごとの確認申請、居住地変更登録申請、居住地以外の登録事項にかかる変更登録申請、外国人登録証明書を紛滅失した場合の再交付の申請等の規定がある。

外国人登録法の廃止

2009年(平成21)、「出入国管理及び難民認定法及び日本国との平和条約に基づき日本の国籍を離脱した者等の出入国管理に関する特例法の一部を改正する等の法律」(以下、平成21年改正法と略称)第4条により、外国人登録法は廃止されることになった。第4条の施行日は、公布の日から3年を超えない範囲内で政令で定める日とされている。また、この平成21年改正法により、「出入国管理及び難民認定法」の一部が改正され、法務大臣が中長期在留者に「在留カード」を交付する制度が新設された。また、入管特例法の一部も改正され、法務大臣が特別永住者に「特別永住者証明書」を交付する制度が新設される。中長期在留者は在留カードの携帯・提示義務が、特別永住者は特別永住者証明書の提示義務(携帯義務はない)が定められた。

 また、住民基本台帳法第39条では、外国人には同法を適用しない旨を定めているが、平成21年改正法と同日に公布された「住民基本台帳法の一部を改正する法律」(施行日は外国人登録法の廃止と同日)により、中長期在留者、特別永住者等は、新たに住民基本台帳法の適用を受ける者に加えられ(39条改正)、これら外国人は住民基本台帳法に定める転入、転出の届出等の義務を履行することになる。

 なお、外国人登録法廃止時に外国人登録証明書の交付を受けている者にあっては、その外国人登録証明書は、在留カードまたは特別永住者証明書が交付されるまでの間は、在留カードまたは特別永住者証明書とみなすとされる。その期間は、在留カードとみなされるものは最長3年、特別永住者証明書とみなされるものは最長7年(16歳未満の者は最長16年)とされており、これらの期間中は外国人登録証明書が通用することになる。

[黒木忠正]

『田村満著、重見一崇・山神進補訂『全訂 外国人登録法逐条解説』(2000・日本加除出版)』

[参照項目] | 永住資格 | 外国人 | 在日朝鮮人問題 | 指紋押捺制度 | 出入国管理及び難民認定法 | 旅券

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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