To develop underground resources, a mine entrance is opened, an internal structure is formed, and preparations for mining are made. There are three types of mine opening methods: vertical shafts, inclined shafts, and horizontal shafts. The opening method and the location of the entrance are determined by many factors, including the topography of the mining area, the depth, shape, and size of the deposit, the mining plan, and the transportation method. Generally, when the deposit is deep underground, a vertical shaft is required. Even in mines that have been opened with an inclined shaft, new vertical shafts may be required when the mining site moves deeper. Most vertical shafts are built vertically, but those with a slight incline are called inclined shafts, and those built inside the mine with an entrance that does not extend to the outside are called blind shafts. When the deposit is relatively shallow, such as when mining gently sloping coal seams, an inclined shaft is opened. When using trackless mining (a method of mining and transporting using mining machinery and transport vehicles without using rails for running mine cars and locomotives), an inclined shaft is always used. When the deposit is located at the top of a mountainside, an adit is opened from the base or middle of the mountain. This is also called a horizontal shaft or tunnel. The adit slopes slightly upward from the entrance to the back of the mountain. [Nobuo Fusamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地下資源を開発するため坑口を設けて坑内構造を形成し採掘準備を進めること。開坑方式には立(たて)坑、斜坑および横坑の3種がある。開坑方式および坑口位置は、鉱区の地形、鉱床の深度・形状・大きさ、採掘計画、運搬方法など多くの要素を考慮して決定される。一般に鉱床が地下深くに存在するときは立坑によらなければならない。斜坑で開坑した鉱山でも、採掘場が深部へ移行すると新たに立坑が必要になることがある。立坑はほとんどが垂直に設けられるが、多少傾斜しているものを斜(ななめ)立坑、坑内に設けたもので坑口が外部に出ていないものを盲立坑という。鉱床が比較的浅い場合、緩傾斜炭層の採掘などには斜坑で開坑する。トラックレスtrackless採鉱法(鉱車と機関車を走らせるレールを用いず、鉱山機械や輸送車両で採掘、運搬する方法)によるときはかならず斜坑とする。鉱床が山腹の上部に存在するような場合は、山の麓(ふもと)または中腹から横坑で開坑する。これは水平坑または通洞(つうどう)ともいう。横坑は坑口から奥に向かい、わずかに上り傾斜をつけている。 [房村信雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Opening (woven fabric) - Kaikou
…The term altar was established around the 4th ce...
What is the disease? Japanese (yellow race) butto...
A state in the westernmost part of India, facing t...
Although the terms are often used interchangeably,...
...If we understand it this way, elements unique ...
〘Noun〙① In ancient times, the spiritual power beli...
... The first is the idea of classifying the wo...
The languages spoken in the Visayan Islands of t...
The language of the Evenki people, who are Tungusi...
689-769 (Jitō 3-Jingō Keiun 3) A lawyer of the Nar...
1. The part that connects the head and torso of a ...
1918‐1998 Russian author. Born in Kupyansk, Kharko...
Only those who are ultimately found guilty in cour...
One of the four great races. They have interesting...
…In modern Britain, the unit is not used as a mul...