Provisional registration - karitouki

A provisional registration is a registration made in advance to maintain the priority of a future permanent registration when the necessary conditions for a permanent registration of real estate are not met. A provisional registration is used when a sale of real estate has been made but the documents required for the application for registration are not complete (Article 105, item 1 of the Real Estate Registration Act), or when a reservation for a sale has been made and the buyer has not yet acquired ownership but needs to secure the rights of the reserved party (Article 105, item 2 of the same Act). A provisional registration is generally applied for by both parties, but it can also be applied for with the consent of the other party (Article 107 of the same Act), and if the other party does not consent, a provisional registration can also be made by applying to the court to have a provisional registration provisional disposition order issued (Article 108 of the same Act). The procedure is simpler than a permanent registration and the registration license tax is cheaper, so it tends to be overused. A provisional registration does not in itself have the effect of a registration (for example, the power to assert one's rights against anyone who comes forward later), but if a permanent registration is made later, the ranking of that permanent registration will depend on the ranking of the provisional registration (Article 106 of the same law).

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

不動産の本登記をするのに必要な要件が備わらない場合に、将来の本登記の順位を保つためにあらかじめする登記をいう。仮登記は、不動産の売買がなされたものの、登記の申請に必要な書類が完備しない場合（不動産登記法105条1号）や、売買の予約で、買い主がまだ所有権を得てはいないが予約者としての権利を確保する必要がある場合（同法105条2号）などに利用される。仮登記は、当事者双方の申請を原則とするが、相手方の承諾書をつけて申請することもでき（同法107条）、相手方の承諾がない場合には、裁判所に申請して仮登記仮処分命令を出してもらうことによっても仮登記ができる（同法108条）。本登記に比べて手続も簡単で、登録免許税も安いので、乱用される傾向にある。仮登記はそれだけでは登記としての効力（たとえば、あとから出てきた者に自分の権利を主張する力）をもたないが、あとで本登記をすれば、その本登記の順位は、仮登記の順位による（同法106条）。

［高橋康之・野澤正充］

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