American electronic engineer and pioneer of television technology. Born in Murom, Russia. He studied electronics at the Polytechnic Institute in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), where he became interested in the television research of Professor Boris L'vovich Rozing (1869-1933), who had the idea that cathode ray tubes (cathode ray tubes) could be used to reproduce received images. In 1913, he went to study in France, where he studied X-rays under the physicist Langevin at the Collège de France in Paris. During World War I, he joined the Russian Army's communications corps and worked on radio communication. After the Russian Revolution in 1919, Tworykin went to the United States, and in 1920 he joined the Westinghouse Corporation (now CBS) research laboratory, where he devoted himself to television research. He obtained American citizenship in 1924. At the time, television research was being conducted by scientists from around the world, including Japan's Kenjiro Takayanagi, but he invented the accumulation type imaging method in 1925, and in 1929 moved to RCA (acquired by General Electric in 1985) to continue improving it. In 1933, he manufactured a practical image pickup tube that almost fulfilled the principles of today's television and named it the "Iconoscope." In the same year, RCA completed an all-electronic television model using this image pickup tube and a cathode ray tube. In 1925, he also revealed the concept of color television and worked on the development of high-vacuum cathode ray tubes, working hard to make electronic television practical and improve it. He also conducted research on photocells and electron microscopes. In addition, in 1934, Takayanagi Kenjiro visited Zworykin in the United States and they had a friendly exchange. [Toshio Yamazaki] [References] | | | | | | ray tube |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの電子工学者。テレビ技術の開拓者。ロシアのムーロムに生まれる。ペトログラード(サンクト・ペテルブルグ)の工科大学で電子工学を学んだが、ここで、陰極線管(ブラウン管)が受信した画像の再生手段として応用できるという着想をもっていたロージングБорис Львович Розинг/Boris L'vovich Rozing(1869―1933)教授のテレビ研究に大きな関心をもった。1913年フランスに留学、パリのコレージュ・ド・フランスで物理学者ランジュバンの指導を受け、X線の研究を行った。第一次世界大戦時にはロシア陸軍の通信部隊に入り、無線通信の仕事に従事した。 ロシア革命後の1919年、ツウォリキンはアメリカに渡り、翌1920年ウェスティングハウス社(現、CBS)の研究所に入り、テレビの研究に専念した。1924年アメリカの市民権を得た。当時、テレビの研究は日本の高柳健次郎はじめ世界各国の科学者が行っていたが、彼は1925年に蓄積型撮像方式を考案、1929年RCA社(1985年ゼネラル・エレクトリック社が買収)に移ってその改良を進め、1933年に今日のテレビの原理をほぼ満たし、実用になる撮像管を製造、「アイコノスコープ」と名づけた。同年RCA社はこの撮像管と陰極線管を用いて全電子式のテレビ型を完成した。そのほか、1925年にはカラーテレビの構想を明らかにしたり、高真空ブラウン管の開発に努めるなど、電子テレビの実用化と改良に尽力した。光電池や電子顕微鏡の研究もある。なお、1934年、高柳健次郎はツウォリキンをアメリカに訪ね交歓した。 [山崎俊雄] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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