A system in which inmates are released before the end of their incarceration period for sentences or criminal punishments that entail institutionalization. It began in Australia, a British penal colony, in 1791, and has since been adopted worldwide. Under current law, there is parole (in the narrow sense) for imprisonment and incarceration, provisional release for detention and workhouse custody, and provisional discharge for juvenile prisons and women's guidance homes. The period of parole is, in principle, until the inmate reaches the age of 20 for provisional release from a juvenile prison, and the same as the remaining period of incarceration for others. If the parole period is completed without incident, the execution of the sentence or criminal punishment is considered to have ended, but if parole is revoked during that period due to violation of the terms of compliance or recidivism, the inmate will be re-incarcerated in the facility and will be treated there for the same period of incarceration remaining at the time of parole. However, there is no system for revoking provisional release. Parole (in the narrow sense) is granted after one-third of the sentence for fixed-term prisoners, or 10 years for life sentences (there are special provisions for juvenile prisoners), when it is deemed appropriate for the rehabilitation of the inmate to be placed on probation, based on a comprehensive assessment of four criteria: the inmate's remorse, willingness to rehabilitate, risk of reoffending, and public sentiment. Provisional discharge and provisional release are granted at an appropriate time when the purpose of detention has been achieved. Under the Offender Rehabilitation Act (Act No. 88 of 2007), the authority to decide on parole is the local parole board, and, except in the case of provisional release, in principle, the inmate will be placed on probation during the period of parole. This is called parole. [Shuichi Susuki and Akikazu Konishi September 15, 2015] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
施設収容を伴う刑または刑事処分などにつき、収容期間満了前に収容者を釈放する制度。1791年、イギリスの流刑(るけい)地オーストラリアで始まり、その後世界的に採用された。現行法上は、懲役・禁錮(きんこ)について仮釈放(狭義)、拘留・労役場留置について仮出場、少年院・婦人補導院について仮退院がある。仮釈放の期間は、少年院からの仮退院の場合は原則として20歳に達するまで、その他は残りの収容期間と同じである。仮釈放期間を無事に経過すれば、刑または刑事処分などの執行が終わったものとされるが、その期間中に遵守事項違反または再犯を理由として仮釈放が取り消されれば、ふたたび施設に収容され、仮釈放時点で残された収容期間と同じ期間、施設内で処遇を受ける。ただし仮出場については取消しの制度はない。仮釈放(狭義)は、有期刑については刑期の3分の1、無期刑については10年を経過したのち(少年受刑者には特則がある)、本人の悔悟の情、更生の意欲、再犯のおそれ、社会の感情という四つの基準を総合的に判断し、保護観察に付することが本人の改善更生のために相当であると認められるときに許される。仮退院と仮出場は収容の目的が達せられた適当な時期に行われる。更生保護法(平成19年法律第88号)により、仮釈放決定機関は地方更生保護委員会とされ、仮出場の場合を除き、仮釈放の期間中は原則として、保護観察が行われる。これをパロールparoleという。 [須々木主一・小西暁和 2015年9月15日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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