Gallegos, Rómulo

Japanese: ガリェゴス（英語表記）Gallegos， Rómulo

Born: August 2, 1884 in Caracas
Died: April 4, 1969, Caracas. Venezuelan novelist, educator, and politician. In his youth, he was influenced by the Uruguayan thinker J. Rodó, and in education he advocated for the realization of democracy. Seeing his ideals being crushed by the oppression of dictators, he became involved in politics, and after several periods of exile (1931-1936 in Spain), he became president of his country in 1947, but was forced out of power in a coup the following year. He began writing short stories early on, and began to write in earnest after his first novel, Reinaldo Solar (20). This work depicts the frustration of intellectuals in the face of the reality of the 1910s, and the author's idealistic and optimistic attitude can also be seen in his subsequent works, such as La trepadora (25), Doña Bárbara (29), Cantaclaro (34), Canaima (35), and Pobre negro (37). His masterpiece, Doña Bárbara, which deals with the conflict between civilization and barbarism, is considered one of the classics of Latin American literature. Gallegos is also considered a member of the "criolismo" (indigenous) school, in that he advocated a new Venezuela and its culture as a whole, based on the history and reality of Venezuela and the psychological insight of the people of each region.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1884.8.2. カラカス
[没]1969.4.4. カラカス
ベネズエラの小説家，教育者，政治家。青年時代はウルグアイの思想家 J.ロドーの影響を受け，教育界にあって民主主義の実現を説いた。理想が独裁者の圧制に粉砕されるのをみて政治活動に入り，数回の亡命 (1931～36年スペインに滞在) を経て，1947年には自国の大統領になったが，翌年のクーデターで野に下った。早くから短編小説を書いており，最初の小説『レイナルド・ソラル』 Reinaldo Solar (20) 以後本格的に活動を始めた。この作品は，10年代の現実を前にして挫折感にひたる知識人の姿を描いたもので，以後の『蔦』 La trepadora (25) ，『ドニャ・バルバラ』 Doña Bárbara (29) ，『カンタクラロ』 Cantaclaro (34) ，『カナイマ』 Canaima (35) ，『哀れな黒人』 Pobre negro (37) などの作品にも，作者の理想主義的，楽観主義的姿勢がうかがわれる。文明と野蛮の相克をテーマとする代表作『ドニャ・バルバラ』は，ラテンアメリカ文学の古典の一つとされている。ガリェゴスはベネズエラの歴史と現実，各地方の人々の心理洞察をふまえて，新しい総体としてのベネズエラとその文化を提唱した点で，やはり「クリオリスモ (土着主義) 」派の一人とみなされる。

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