Erechtheion (English spelling)

Japanese: エレクテイオン - えれくていおん(英語表記)Erekhtheion
Erechtheion (English spelling)

An ancient Greek Ionic temple built on the north side of the Acropolis in Athens. It is an unusual complex building in Greece, dedicated to the three gods of Athens, the legendary king Erechtheus, the goddess Athena, and the sea god Poseidon. Designed by the architect Kallikrates, construction began in 421 BC and was completed around 407 BC. Its complex plan, with different floor heights, is 25.5 meters on the east-west side and 21.5 meters on the north-south side, with a portico on the east side with six Ionic columns on the front, and the temple of Athena at the back. The floor level on the west and north sides, which make up the central part of the building, is three meters lower than that on the east and south sides, and contains an inner room dedicated to Erechtheus and Poseidon. On the north side, a large portico protrudes, with four Ionic columns on the front and one on each side, and surrounded by a frieze decorated with beautiful reliefs carved into the blue marble of Elefsis. Also, on the south side, at the same height as on the east side, there is a "Korean platform" famous for its six female figures, four on the front and one on each side, so-called caryatids. This "Korean platform" is only about a quarter of the size of the north portico, but the six female figures wearing Ionic tunics are almost life-size. The second figure from the left was taken to England by Elgin in 1801, and a copy was placed there, but the other five have now been removed due to severe damage and are on display at the Acropolis Museum. The complex Ionic architecture that enshrines these three columns is considered to represent the highest standard of the Greek classical period, along with the Parthenon, due to its elegant decoration in detail.

[Masaaki Maeda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アテネのアクロポリスの北側に建つ古代ギリシアのイオニア式神殿。アテネの伝説上の王エレクテウスと女神アテネおよび海神ポセイドンの3神を祀(まつ)る、ギリシアでは異例の複合建築。建築家カリクラテスの設計で、紀元前421年に着工し、前407年ごろに完成した。床面の高さを異にするその複雑なプランは、東西に25.5メートル、南北に21.5メートル、東側に正面6柱のイオニア式の柱をもつ玄関廊を配し、その奥にアテネの神殿がある。建築の中央部を構成する西・北側は東・南側より床面が3メートルも低くなり、エレクテウスとポセイドンを祀る内室がある。この北側には正面4柱、側面各1柱のイオニア式の柱を配し、エレフシスの青大理石に刻まれた美しい浮彫りで飾ったフリーズで囲んだ大きな玄関廊が張り出している。また南側には東側と同じ高さに正面4体、側面各1体、計6体の女像柱、いわゆるカリアティードで有名な「コレーの壇」が突き出ている。この「コレーの壇」は北の玄関廊のほぼ4分の1の大きさにすぎないが、イオニアのチュニックを着た6体の女像柱はほぼ等身大である。左から2体目の像は1801年エルギンがイギリスに持ち去り、そのコピーが置かれていたが、現在は他の5体も毀損(きそん)が激しくなったため取り外されてアクロポリス美術館に陳列されている。この3柱を祀るイオニア式の複雑な建築は、その細部の優美な装飾により、パルテノンと並んでギリシア古典期の最高の水準を示すものとされる。

[前田正明]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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