This is an isotope separation method that utilizes the pressure diffusion phenomenon of gas molecules in a centrifugal field. When a gas mixture containing molecules of different molecular weights is placed in a centrifugal field, a large pressure gradient is generated in the direction of the centrifugal force, and the ratio of heavy molecular weight gas increases on the wall side. The basic principle of separation is that a counterflow centrifuge, which rotates a cylindrical container at high speed to create a centrifugal field and has a structure that can form a gas flow in the vertical direction of the container, is used to enrich uranium, and uranium hexafluoride is passed through the centrifuge to separate 235 UF6 and 233 UF6 . The centrifugal method is more economical because it has a higher separation performance per separator and less power consumption than the conventional gas diffusion method. A cascade of multiple centrifuges is used for separation plants. In Japan, a prototype plant with a capacity of 200 tSWU/year is located in Ningyo-toge, Okayama Prefecture, and a plant in Rokkasho-mura, Aomori Prefecture, began operation in 1992. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
遠心力場における気体分子の圧力拡散現象を利用した同位体分離法。分子量の異なる分子を含む混合ガスを遠心力場に置くと,遠心力の方向に大きな圧力勾配を生じて,壁側で重分子量のガスの割合が多くなることを分離の基本原理としている。ウランの濃縮には向流型遠心分離機──円筒容器を高速で回転して遠心力場をつくり出すとともに,容器の上下方向にガス流れを形成できる構造をもつ──が用いられ,遠心機内に六フッ化ウランを通過させて 235UF6 と 233UF6 を分離している。遠心分離法は従来のガス拡散法に比べて分離機1台当たりの分離性能が大きく,消費電力が少ないために,経済性が高い。分離プラントには多数の遠心分離機を結合したカスケードが用いられる。日本では,岡山県人形峠に 200tSWU/年の能力を持つ原型プラントのほか,青森県六ヶ所村のプラントも 1992年から運転を開始した。
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