American Presbyterian missionary, physician, and researcher of Japanese language and culture. Born March 13 in Milton, Pennsylvania, he became a doctor of medicine. He came to Japan in 1859 (Ansei 6) and lived in Yokohama, where he engaged in medical and educational activities. His students at the time included Omura Masujiro and Takahashi Korekiyo. In 1867 (Keio 3), he published Wagai Rinshusei (first edition: A Japanese and English Dictionary; with an English and Japanese Index , reprinted: A Japanese-English and English-Japanese Dictionary ). The romanization system used in this third edition (1886) was the Hepburn system. He also translated the Bible into Japanese with S. R. Brown and others (New Testament in 1880, Old Testament in 1888). In 1889 (Meiji 22), he became the first president of Meiji Gakuin. He returned to Japan in 1892. Died September 21, 1911 in East Orange, New Jersey. [Hiroshi Furuta, August 21, 2018] "Wa-Ei-Rin-Shusei" commentary by Akira Matsumura (Kodansha Academic Library)" ▽ "Hepburn by Michio Takatani, new edition (1986, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Hepburn's Life and the Japanese Language by Yoko Mochizuki (1987, Shincho Sensho)" [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの長老派宣教師、医師、日本語・日本文化研究者。3月13日ペンシルベニア州ミルトンに生まれ、医学博士となる。1859年(安政6)来日、横浜に住み、医療・教育活動を展開する。大村益次郎(おおむらますじろう)、高橋是清(たかはしこれきよ)などが当時の弟子。1867年(慶応3)に『和英語林集成』(初版はA Japanese and English Dictionary; with an English and Japanese Index、再版からA Japanese-English and English-Japanese Dictionary)を出版する。この第3版(1886)で採用したローマ字方式がヘボン式ローマ字である。またS・R・ブラウンらと聖書を和訳し刊行(新約聖書1880年、旧約聖書1888年)。1889年(明治22)明治学院の初代総理となる。1892年に帰国。1911年9月21日にニュー・ジャージー州イースト・オレンジで没。 [古田 啓 2018年8月21日] 『松村明解説『和英語林集成』(講談社学術文庫)』▽『高谷道男著『ヘボン』新装版(1986・吉川弘文館)』▽『望月洋子著『ヘボンの生涯と日本語』(1987・新潮選書)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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