…Powerful lords owned several manors. Each manor was managed and administered by a bailiff (freeman) appointed by the lord and a reeve (serf manager) selected by the peasants. In addition, the lord's representative, a seneschal (or steward), visited the manors two or three times a year to supervise their management. Often, the lord designated superior land as direct land, and in some areas, he built fences to fertilize the direct land and forced the peasants' livestock to graze there. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "bailiff" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…有力な領主はいくつかのマナーを所有した。それぞれのマナーは領主の指名するベーリフbailiff(自由人差配)と農民選出のリーブreeve(農奴管理人)によって管理・運営され,さらにこれらのマナー全体を領主の代理であるセニシャルseneschal(またはスチュワードsteward)が年に2,3回巡回して経営の監督にあたった。しばしば領主は優等地を直営地に指定し,また地域によっては直営地の施肥のために囲いを設けて農民の家畜を強制的に放牧させた。… ※「bailiff」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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