Dutch East India Company - Dutch East India Company

Japanese: オランダ東インド会社 - オランダひがしインドがいしゃ(英語表記)Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company - Dutch East India Company
A joint stock company established in 1602 by merging various companies engaged in Oriental trade. Originally, Dutch merchants traded Oriental products in Lisbon for Baltic products, but as pressure from Spain increased, they began to desire direct trade with Oriental regions. In 1594, the Far Country Company was established in Amsterdam, and the first merchant fleet was dispatched under the command of Cornelius de Houtman. Similar so-called "pioneer companies" were subsequently established throughout the Netherlands, but in order to eliminate the harmful effects of proliferation and competition, at the request of Parliament, all of these companies were merged in 1602 to form the United East India Company, or the Dutch East India Company. The company was granted a monopoly on Oriental trade by the government, and was given the authority to conclude treaties with Oriental countries, build forts, train armies, and appoint civil officials, becoming, in a sense, an agency acting on behalf of the political and military power of the state. In 1719, the company established its base in Batavia (later Jakarta) on the island of Java, drove out Portuguese power, and suppressed British power, succeeding in the spice trade and colonial management, ushering in the Golden Age of Dutch trade with the East by the middle of the 17th century. However, by the end of the 18th century, under British pressure, the company's colonial management collapsed, and it was dissolved in 1798.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1602年,東洋貿易を目的とする諸会社を合同して設立された株式会社。元来オランダ商人はリスボンでバルト海の物産と交換に東洋の物産を入手していたが,スペインの圧力が増大したため,直接東洋諸地域との取引を望むようになり,1594年アムステルダムに遠国会社が設立されるとともに,コルネリス・ド・ハウトマン指揮の第1回商船隊が派遣された。その後同種のいわゆる「先駆諸会社」がオランダ各地に続々と設立されたが,その乱立,競争の弊害を除去するため,議会の要望により,1602年これら諸会社をすべて合併する連合東インド会社,すなわちオランダ東インド会社の結成をみるにいたった。同社は政府から東洋貿易の独占権を与えられたほか,東洋諸国と条約を締結し,城塞を築き,軍隊を養成し,文官を任命するなどの権限を与えられ,いわば政治的・軍事的国家権力の代行機関となった。同社は 19年にジャワ島のバタビア (のちのジャカルタ) に根拠地をおき,ポルトガルの勢力を駆逐し,イギリス勢力を押えて香料貿易や植民地経営に成功し,17世紀なかば頃にはオランダ東洋貿易の黄金時代を迎えた。しかし 18世紀末にいたって,イギリスの圧迫を受け,植民地経営にも破綻を生じ,1798年解散した。

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