Oral method - Oral method

Japanese: オーラル・メソッド - おーらるめそっど(英語表記)oral method
Oral method - Oral method

A foreign language teaching method that emphasizes oral work. It is translated as oral teaching method. It was proposed by Harold Palmer, an Englishman who was a linguistic advisor to the Japanese Ministry of Education from 1922 to 1936 (Taisho 11 to Showa 11). He is called the proponent of this teaching method because of his 1921 book, The Oral Method of Teaching Languages . The oral method is one of the innovative teaching methods that arose as a reaction against traditional methods such as grammar and translation teaching methods. It divides language into "language as a norm" and "language for use," and focuses on the latter in foreign language learning, giving priority to listening and speaking. It also lists five habits of language acquisition: (1) observation by ear, (2) imitation, (3) oral familiarization, (4) meaning assignment, and (5) composition by analogy, and emphasizes habit formation. The school's learning process is characterized by the following: (1) matching, (2) combining and integrating, and (3) comprehensive application. The school emphasizes situations as well as phonetics, places emphasis on English question-and-answer sessions (standard conversations based on conventions) as a central activity, and, as a rule, six weeks of oral instruction is the introductory period, after which comprehensive instruction is given by a leader.

[Naomi Kakita]

[References] | English Education | Oral Approach

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

口頭作業を重視した外国語教授法。口頭教授法と訳される。1922~36年(大正11~昭和11)に日本の文部省言語顧問であったイギリス人ハロルド・パーマーが提唱した。彼は1921年に著した『The Oral Method of Teaching Languages』によって、この教授法の提唱者とよばれている。オーラル・メソッドは、文法・訳読式教授法などの伝統的な方法に対する反動としておこった革新的教授法の一つである。言語を「規範としての言語」と「運用のための言語」に分け、外国語学習では後者を対象とし、聞き、話すことを優先する。また、言語習得の5習性として、(1)耳による観察、(2)口まね、(3)口慣らし、(4)意味づけ、(5)類推による作文、をあげ、習慣形成が強調される。学習にあたっては、(1)照合一致から(2)結合合体、そして(3)総合活用の段階に至るべきこと、音声面とともに場面を重視し、英問英答(約束に基づいた定型会話)を中心的活動に置き、入門期には口頭のみによる6週間の指導を原則とし、以後はリーダー中心の総合的指導をすること、などに特色がある。

[垣田直巳]

[参照項目] | 英語教育 | オーラル・アプローチ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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