A genus of bacteria that is widely distributed in soil, water, air, and food. Also called Bacillus. A gram-positive, aerobic rod. Motile ones have periflagella. They are characterized by the formation of heat-resistant spores. The spores are ovoid or cylindrical, and some sporangia swell while others do not. Many of them break down starch and protein. Some species are known to have denitrification ability. Amylase and protease from B. subtilis are produced industrially. On the other hand, B. cereus is involved in food spoilage and can cause food poisoning. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
土壌,水,空気,食品などに広く分布している細菌の1属。バチルスともいう。グラム陽性,好気性の杆菌。運動するものは周鞭毛を有する。耐熱性の胞子を形成するのが特徴。胞子は卵形ないし円筒形で,胞子囊は膨れるものと膨れないものがある。デンプンやタンパク質を分解するものが多い。また脱窒能を有する菌種も知られている。枯草菌B.subtilisのアミラーゼ,プロテアーゼは工業的に生産されている。一方,セレウス菌B.cereusは食品の腐敗に関係し食中毒の原因菌となる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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