The Nine Ranks of Officials Law (English: Jiu-pin-guan-ren-fa; Chiu-p`in-kuan-jên-fa)

Japanese: 九品官人法 - きゅうひんかんじんほう（英語表記）Jiu-pin-guan-ren-fa; Chiu-p`in-kuan-jên-fa

A system of official appointment used in China from the Wei dynasty of the Three Kingdoms to the beginning of the Sui dynasty (220-583). It was later called the Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System. It was established at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, at the suggestion of Chen Qun of Wei. This system established Zhongzheng (officials) in each prefecture and county, and divided candidates for office into nine ranks from 1st rank to 9th rank, and had them recommended by the government. The government appointed officials according to their rank. Eventually, the system of official appointment centered on the families of local noble families became fixed. At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, the Nine-Rank Officials System was replaced by the Imperial Examination System.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，三国の魏から隋初 (220～583) まで行われた官吏登用法。のち九品中正制度ともいう。後漢末期，魏の陳群の献策により制定したもの。この制度は，州，郡に中正 (官) をおき，任官志望者を一品から九品までの九段階に分けて政府に推挙させ，政府は志望者の品級に従って官に任じた。やがて地方名族の家柄を中心とした官吏登用が固定化するようになった。隋初，九品官人法は科挙に取って代られる。

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