Austen, WR - Austen

Japanese: オーステン,W.R. - おーすてん
Austen, WR - Austen

...If the chemistry of iron and steel impacted technology in the 18th and 19th centuries, the physical chemistry and crystal structure of iron and steel impacted technology in the 19th and 20th centuries. HC Sorby's 1863 microscopic discovery of crystals (ferrite, cementite, pearlite, graphite, etc.) that crystallize and precipitate from carbon steel, A. Martens (1850-1914)'s same discovery in his 1878 paper, DK Chernov's theory on the growth of dendrites and crystal grains and the theory of quenching and tempering in his 1868 paper, F. Osmon's (1849-1912) discovery of the transformation of iron (α-iron, β-iron, γ-iron) in the 1880s, W. Roberts-Austen's (1843-1902) paper in 1897, and HWB Rosebohm's paper in 1900, all clarified the whole picture of crystallization and precipitation during the solidification process of carbon steel. After that, phase diagrams of all alloy steels were investigated.

From [Steel]

...In the 19th century, Berriman's work was continued by Germans Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten (1782-1853) and Wilhelm August Lampadius (1772-1842), who discovered that carbon absorption occurs in blast furnaces, decarburization occurs in smelting furnaces, and carbon absorption occurs in carburizing processes. Furthermore, there was a succession of studies on the research of M. Faraday on alloy steels, the research of the Russian Dmitrii K. Chernov (1839-1921) on the transformation points of steel, the research of the British Henry Clifton Sorby (1826-1908) and the German Adolf Martens (1850-1914) on the microstructure of steel, the research of the French F. Osmon on transformations in steel, the research of the British J. O. Arnold on the role of carbon in steel, and the research of the British William Roberts Austen (1843-1902) and the Dutch Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom (1854-1907) on phase diagrams of steel, which laid the foundations of today's physical metallurgy of steel, such as the relationship between steel hardening and heat treatment, structure, and phase diagrams. The names of steel structures, such as sorbite, martensite, austenite, troostite, and ledeburite, are named after the achievements of these predecessors.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Austen, WR" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…18世紀から19世紀にかけて鉄鋼の化学が技術に衝撃を与えたとすれば,19世紀から20世紀にかけては鉄鋼の物理化学と結晶構造学が技術に衝撃を与えた。1863年のH.C.ソルビーの炭素鋼から晶出および析出する結晶(フェライト,セメンタイト,パーライト,グラファイトなど)の顕微鏡による発見,マルテンスA.Martens(1850‐1914)の1878年論文の同じ発見,ロシアのD.K.チェルノフの1868年論文の樹枝状晶および結晶粒の成長に関する理論および焼入れ焼戻しの理論,F.オスモン(1849‐1912)の80年代の鉄の変態(α鉄,β鉄,γ鉄)の発見,オーステンW.Roberts‐Austen(1843‐1902)の97年論文の,そしてH.W.B.ローゼボームの1900年論文の鉄と炭素の状態図は,炭素鋼の凝固過程の晶出析出の全貌を明らかにした。その後はあらゆる合金鋼の状態図が調べられていくのである。…

【鋼】より

…19世紀に入るとベリマンの成果はドイツのカルステンKarl Johann Bernhard Karsten(1782‐1853),ランパディウスWilhelm August Lampadius(1772‐1842)らによって引き継がれ,高炉では吸炭が,精錬炉では脱炭が,浸炭法では吸炭が生じることなどが明らかにされた。また合金鋼に関するM.ファラデーの研究,鉄鋼の変態点に関するロシアのチェルノフDmitrii K.Chernov(1839‐1921)の研究,鉄鋼の顕微鏡組織に関するイギリスのソルビーHenry Clifton Sorby(1826‐1908)やドイツのマルテンスAdolf Martens(1850‐1914)の研究,鉄鋼の変態に関するフランスのF.オスモンの研究,鋼中の炭素の役割に関するイギリスのJ.O.アーノルドの研究,鉄鋼の状態図に関するイギリスのオーステンWilliam Roberts Austen(1843‐1902)やオランダのローゼボームHendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom(1854‐1907)らの研究が相次ぎ,鋼の硬化と熱処理,組織,状態図との関係など,今日の鋼の物理冶金学の基礎が築かれた。鋼の組織の名前であるソルバイト,マルテンサイト,オーステナイト,トルースタイト,レーデブライトなどは,それらの先人の業績にちなんで命名された。…

※「オーステン,W.R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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