Ostermann, AI - Ostermann

…When she ascended to the throne, she accepted the conditions of the Supreme Privy Council, including those of the nobleman DM Golitsyn, to limit the sovereignty, but with the support of the general nobility, she quickly abolished them, abolished the system of uniparental inheritance, strengthened land ownership, established a military academy for the children of nobles, and relaxed the conditions of service. The empress was not very educated and had little interest in state affairs, and Ernst Johann Biron, a favorite from the Courland period, wielded power (the so-called "Biron regime"). However, the people who actually carried out the government under the empress and made the greatest contributions were Andrei Ivanovich Osterman, Count of Osterman, and Burkhard Christoph Münnich, Marshal of Münnich. Both were German, but they were diplomats and military men who served Peter I, so it is problematic to characterize the empress's era as "German rule". …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ostermann, AI" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…即位の際，名門貴族D.M.ゴリーツィンなど最高枢密院の提示した君主権制限の条件を認めたが，一般貴族の支持ですぐこれを廃棄し，彼らのために一子相続制を廃し，土地所有権を強め，貴族子弟の陸軍幼年学校を設け，勤務条件を緩和した。女帝はあまり教養がなく，国務への関心も少なく，クールランド時代からの寵臣ビロンErnst Johann Bironが権勢をふるったが(いわゆる“ビロン体制”)，女帝の政治を実質上担って功績があったのは，オステルマン伯Andrei Ivanovich Ostermanとミュンニヒ元帥Burkhard Christoph Münnichであった。2人ともドイツ人であったが，ピョートル1世に仕えた外交官･軍人であり，女帝の時代を“ドイツ人の支配”と特徴づけることには問題がある。…

※「オステルマン，A.I.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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