Cameo - Kameo (English spelling) cameo

Japanese: カメオ - かめお(英語表記)cameo
Cameo - Kameo (English spelling) cameo

Cameo carving is a type of carving made of gemstones such as agate, coral, and crystal, or shells and ivory. It also refers to a carving technique that uses convex carving as opposed to concave carving (intaglio). It skillfully uses the stripes of striped onyx or shell, and is usually carved in relief on a lighter colored layer against a dark background. It is mainly used in women's accessories.

It is said to have originated in the late 4th century BC, and the oldest cameos are found in ancient Egypt. After ancient Greece and Rome, which produced excellent cameos, the technique was passed down to Italy, where cameos made of agate and crystal were actively produced during the Renaissance. Meanwhile, the use of Italian pescia shells made the reliefs more delicate. In the 19th century, old cameos were highly valued and became very popular again. During the Napoleonic Empire, they were used not only for accessories but also for interior decoration. Today's cameos are mainly shell cameos, with the image standing out against a background color. The brown background is made from Sardinian shells, the orange from African coral shells, and the rose color from pink shells from the sea off the coast of Florida. The majority of the market is made from shells from Italy. The designs are often profiles of ladies or Greek gods, and follow elegant and classical motifs such as angels, flowers, and birds.

[Hirano Yuko]

Agate cameo
"Psyche." Probably from the mid-19th century. Agate. 3.4 cm long x 2.3 cm wide. Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Italy.

Agate cameo

Crystal Cameo
"Romeo and Juliet". 1824, crystal, 12.7cm height x 9.2cm width, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Italy.

Crystal Cameo


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

めのう、サンゴ、水晶などの宝石や貝殻や象牙(ぞうげ)などに浮彫りをしたカメオ細工。また、彫刻の手法で凹形彫刻(インタリオ)に対する凸形彫刻をいう。縞(しま)めのうや皿貝の縞を巧みに利用するもので、通常、暗色の層を背景にして、より明るい色層に浮彫りをする。おもに婦人の装身具に使われている。

 起源は紀元前4世紀末といわれ、最古のものは古代エジプトにみられる。優れた作品を生んだ古代ギリシア・ローマを経て、技法はイタリアに受け継がれ、ルネサンス期にはめのうや水晶のカメオが盛んにつくられた。一方、イタリアン・ペッシァという貝殻を用いて、浮彫りはより繊細さを増した。19世紀になると、古いカメオが珍重され、ふたたび大流行をみる。ナポレオン帝政期には装身具はもとより、インテリアにまで用いられた。今日のカメオは、背景色に像が白く浮き上がるシェル・カメオが主で、茶褐色の背景はサルドニア貝、オレンジ色はアフリカ産のコルオウラ貝、バラ色はフロリダ近海のピンク貝などを用いている。市場の大半はイタリア産が占める。図柄は貴婦人のプロフィールやギリシア神が多く、天使、花、鳥など、優雅で古典的なモチーフを踏襲している。

[平野裕子]

めのうのカメオ
「プシケ」。おそらく19世紀中ごろ めのう 縦3.4×横2.3cm イタリアメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

めのうのカメオ

水晶のカメオ
『ロメオとジュリエット』。1824年 水晶 縦12.7×横9.2cm イタリアメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

水晶のカメオ


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